Browsing by Author "Song, Yiqing"
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Item 10 Tips for Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle and Body Weight(Fairbanks School of Public Health, 2020-03-18) Song, Yiqing; Epidemiology, School of Public HealthAt this extreme moment, we began working from home, away from campus, and keeping social distance for as many people as possible. As we stay home and are stuck with the foods that have been in our fridge or pantry for a while, we are temporarily living a sedentary lifestyle with increased odds of physical inactivity, excessive eating and sitting, stress, anxiety, and depression. In particular, many of us will gain some weight during the pandemic and may keep the extra weight permanently, which may carry considerable health risks for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart attack, stroke, and other health problems. Here, I’d like to share some basic tips and resources for how to maintain your healthy lifestyle, body weight, and overall well-being while staying home and engaging in social distancing.Item A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Prognostic Value of BRCA Mutations, Homologous Recombination Gene Mutations, and Homologous Recombination Deficiencies in Cancer(Hindawi, 2022-07-20) Shao, Changxia; Chang, Michael S.; Lam, Fred C.; Marley, Andrew R.; Tang, Huilin; Song, Yiqing; Miller, Chelsey; Brown, Madeline; Wan, Isabella; Han, Jiali; Adeboyeje, Gboyega; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public HealthPatients with BRCA1/2 mutations (BRCAm), loss-of-function mutations in other homologous recombination repair (HRRm) genes, or tumors that are homologous recombination deficiency positivity (HRD+) demonstrate a robust response to PARPi therapy. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of BRCAm, HRRm, and HRD+ on overall survival (OS) among those treated by chemotherapy or targeted therapy other than PARPi across tumor types. A total of 135 eligible studies were included. Breast cancer (BC) patients with BRCA1/2m had a similar overall survival (OS) to those with wild-type BRCA1/2 (BRCA1/2 wt) across 18 studies. Ovarian cancer (OC) patients with BRCA1/2m had a significantly longer OS than those with BRCA1/2 wt across 24 studies reporting BRCA1m and BRCA2m, with an HR of 0.7 (0.6-0.8). Less OS data were reported for other tumors: 6 studies for BRCA2m compared with BRCA2 wt in prostate cancer with an HR of 1.9 (1.1-3.2) and 2 studies for BRCA1/2m compared with BRCA1/2 wt in pancreatic cancer with an HR of 1.5 (0.8-3.1). Only 4 studies reported HRD+ by either BRCA m or genomic instability score (GIS) ≥ 42 and OS by HRD status. The HR was 0.67 (0.43-1.02) for OS with HRD+ vs. HRD-. A total of 15 studies reported the association between HRRm and OS of cancers in which one or more HRR genes were examined. The HR was 1.0 (0.7-1.4) comparing patients with HRRm to those with HRR wild-type across tumors. Our findings are useful in improving the precision and efficacy of treatment selection in clinical oncology.Item Assessing Validity of Self-Reported Dietary Intake within a Mediterranean Diet Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among US Firefighters(MDPI, 2019-09-19) Sotos-Prieto, Mercedes; Christophi, Costas; Black, Alicen; Furtado, Jeremy D.; Song, Yiqing; Magiatis, Prokopios; Papakonstantinou, Aikaterini; Melliou, Eleni; Moffatt, Steven; Kales, Stefanos N.; Epidemiology, School of Public HealthCollecting dietary intake data is associated with challenges due to the subjective nature of self-administered instruments. Biomarkers may objectively estimate the consumption of specific dietary items or help assess compliance in dietary intervention studies. Our aim was to use a panel of plasma and urine biomarkers to assess the validity of self-reported dietary intake using a modified Mediterranean Diet Scale (mMDS) among firefighters participating in Feeding America's Bravest (FAB), an MD cluster-randomized controlled trial. In our nested biomarker pilot study, participants were randomly selected from both the MD intervention group (n = 24) and the control group (n = 24) after 12-months of dietary intervention. At baseline data collection for the pilot study (t = 12-months of FAB), participants in the control group crossed-over to receive the MD intervention (active intervention) for 6-months. Participants in the intervention group continued in a self-sustained continuation phase (SSP) of the intervention. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), 13-item-mMDS questionnaires, 40 plasma fatty acids, inflammatory biomarkers and urinary hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were analyzed at both time points. Spearman's correlation, t-tests and linear regression coefficients were calculated using SAS software. Overall, the mMDS derived from the FFQ was highly correlated with the specific 13-domain-mMDS (r = 0.74). The concordance between the two questionnaires for low and high adherence to MD was high for all the participants in the parent trial (κ = 0.76). After 6 months of intervention in the pilot study, plasma saturated fatty acid decreased in both groups (active intervention: -1.3 ± 1.7; p = 0.002; SSP: -1.12 ± 1.90; p = 0.014) and oleic acid improved in the SSP (p = 0.013). Intake of olive oil was positively associated with plasma omega-3 (p = 0.004) and negatively with TNF-α (p < 0.001) at baseline. Choosing olive oil as a type of fat was also associated with higher levels of plasma omega-3 (p = 0.019) at baseline and lower TNF-α (p = 0.023) at follow up. Intake of red and processed meats were associated with lower serum omega-3 (p = 0.04) and fish consumption was associated with lower IL-6 at baseline (p = 0.022). The overall mMDS was associated with an increase in plasma omega-3 (p = 0.021). Good correlation was found between nutrient intake from the FFQ and the corresponding plasma biomarkers (omega-3, EPA and DHA). In this MD randomized controlled trial, some key plasma biomarkers were significantly associated with key MD diet components and the overall mMDS supporting the validity of the mMDS questionnaire as well as compliance with the intervention.Item Association of Body Mass Index With Colorectal Cancer Risk by Genome-Wide Variants(Oxford University Press, 2021) Campbell, Peter T.; Lin, Yi; Bien, Stephanie A.; Figueiredo, Jane C.; Harrison, Tabitha A.; Guinter, Mark A.; Berndt, Sonja I.; Brenner, Hermann; Chan, Andrew T.; Chang-Claude, Jenny; Gallinger, Steven J.; Gapstur, Susan M.; Giles, Graham G.; Giovannucci, Edward; Gruber, Stephen B.; Gunter, Marc; Hoffmeister, Michael; Jacobs, Eric J.; Jenkins, Mark A.; Marchand, Loic Le; Li, Li; McLaughlin, John R.; Murphy, Neil; Milne, Roger L.; Newcomb, Polly A.; Newton, Christina; Ogino, Shuji; Potter, John D.; Rennert, Gad; Rennert, Hedy S.; Robinson, Jennifer; Sakoda, Lori C.; Slattery, Martha L.; Song, Yiqing; White, Emily; Woods, Michael O.; Casey, Graham; Hsu, Li; Peters, Ulrike; Epidemiology, School of Public HealthBackground: Body mass index (BMI) is a complex phenotype that may interact with genetic variants to influence colorectal cancer risk. Methods: We tested multiplicative statistical interactions between BMI (per 5 kg/m2) and approximately 2.7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk among 14 059 colorectal cancer case (53.2% women) and 14 416 control (53.8% women) participants. All analyses were stratified by sex a priori. Statistical methods included 2-step (ie, Cocktail method) and single-step (ie, case-control logistic regression and a joint 2-degree of freedom test) procedures. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with higher risks of colorectal cancer, less so for women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.11 to 1.18; P = 9.75 × 10-17) than for men (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.32; P = 2.13 × 10-24). The 2-step Cocktail method identified an interaction for women, but not men, between BMI and a SMAD7 intronic variant at 18q21.1 (rs4939827; Pobserved = .0009; Pthreshold = .005). A joint 2-degree of freedom test was consistent with this finding for women (joint P = 2.43 × 10-10). Each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was more strongly associated with colorectal cancer risk for women with the rs4939827-CC genotype (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.32; P = 2.60 × 10-10) than for women with the CT (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.19; P = 1.04 × 10-8) or TT (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.14; P = .02) genotypes. Conclusion: These results provide novel insights on a potential mechanism through which a SMAD7 variant, previously identified as a susceptibility locus for colorectal cancer, and BMI may influence colorectal cancer risk for women.Item Association of erythrocyte n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with incident type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population(Elsevier, 2018-09-26) Zheng, Ju-Sheng; Lin, Jie-sheng; Dong, Hong-li; Zeng, Fang-fang; Li, Duo; Song, Yiqing; Chen, Yu-ming; Epidemiology, School of Public HealthSummary Background & aims The association between circulating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes in Asian populations remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association of erythrocyte n-3 PUFA with incident type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. Methods A total of 2671 participants, aged 40–75 y, free of type 2 diabetes at baseline, were included in the present analysis. Incident type 2 diabetes cases (n = 213) were ascertained during median follow-up of 5.6 years. Baseline erythrocyte fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. We used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of type 2 diabetes across quartiles of erythrocyte n-3 PUFA. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, HRs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes were 0.68 (0.47, 1.00), 0.77 (0.52, 1.15), and 0.63 (0.41, 0.95) in quartiles 2–4 of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3) (P-trend = 0.07), compared with quartile 1; and 1.08 (0.74, 1.60), 1.03 (0.70, 1.51), and 0.57 (0.38, 0.86) for eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3) (P-trend = 0.007). No association was found for docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) or alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). Conclusions Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA from marine sources (C22:5n-3 and C20:5n-3), as biomarkers of dietary marine n-3 PUFA, were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes in this Chinese population. Future prospective investigations in other Asian populations are necessary to confirm our findings.Item Associations between Benign Cutaneous Nevi and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Men and Women: Results from Two Prospective Cohort Studies(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Dai, Hongji; Sun, Qi; Zhang, Xi; Manson, JoAnn E.; Hu, Frank B.; Song, YiqingABSTRACT Objective: Previous studies suggest that the number of cutaneous nevi and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both associated with endogenous sex hormone levels. However, no prospective studies have specifically examined the relationship between the number of benign cutaneous nevi and T2DM. Research Design and Methods: We prospectively examined the associations between the number of nevi and risk of T2DM among 23,748 men (1986-2010) from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and 67,050 women (1989-2010) from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). Information on the numbers of melanocytic nevi on arms and the incidence of T2DM was collected by validated questionnaires. Results: During 1,831,118 person-years of follow-up, we documented 8748 incident cases of T2DM. After adjustment for age, BMI, and other diabetes risk factors, the number of nevi was significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM. Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for <1, 1-5, 6-14, and ≥15 nevi were 1.00 (reference), 1.02 (0.92, 1.14), 1.10 (0.87, 1.38), and 1.70 (1.22, 2.36), respectively, for men (P trend = 0.03) and 1.00 (reference), 1.15 (1.09, 1.21), 1.25 (1.11, 1.40), and 1.70 (1.38, 2.09), respectively, for women (P trend = 0.019). This positive association remained consistent across subgroups of participants. Conclusions: Mole count may represent a novel marker for development of T2DM in men and women, indicating a unique nevus development-related mechanism, possibly due to altered levels or functions of endogenous steroid sex hormones, in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Further studies are warranted to clarify the relationship of nevogenesis and T2DM and underlying mechanisms.Item Associations between traits (blood pressure and body height growth) and reproductive timing related genetic variants from genome-wide association studies(2017-07-18) Mo, Daojun; He, Chunyan; Tu, Wanzhu; Song, Yiqing; Stone, Cynthia S.Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many common genetic variants that are associated with women’s reproductive timing characteristics including ages at menarche and at natural menopause. However, the associations of these variants with other human health related phenotypes such as blood pressure, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and body height growth have not been well studied. No published studies to our knowledge have directly assessed the genetic influence of reproductive timing related variants on the aforementioned common traits. A better understanding of pleiotropic effects of these variants is important because it will help elucidate the precise mechanisms of common traits/diseases such as hypertension which have not been fully understood so far, and give clues for developing better solutions for disease prevention and treatment. We, therefore, conducted three studies to explore genetic variant effects on blood pressure and body height growth. In the first study, we analyzed data from a local cohort of 601 healthy adolescents from Indianapolis schools. Mixed effect model analysis revealed that 11 reproductive related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with blood pressure in the study subjects. In order to assess if these genetic effects extended to the adult blood pressure, we performed the second study to investigate the genetic effect on blood pressure in adults. We used the summary statistics obtained from the two large international GWAS consortia, the Blood Pressure Consortium and the ReproGen Consortium. Bivariate analyses showed that more than 100 SNPs were associated with both blood pressure and reproductive timing. As the blood pressure development is closely related to somatic growth, we conducted the third study to exam the genetic effect of reproductive-timing related variants on the linear growth from the aforementioned local cohort. We identified 8 genetic variants significantly associated with the catch-up of linear growth in the study subjects. In conclusion, these three studies collectively provided evidence in support of the pleiotropic effects of the reproductive timing variants, suggesting the common genetic basis underlying the correlated traits. Future research is needed to validate the findings.Item Associations Between Vitamin D Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Outcomes Among Women(2020-02) Xia, Jin; Song, Yiqing; Nan, Hongmei; Tu, Wanzhu; Han, JialiThere is growing evidence that vitamin D endocrine system may be associated with multiple cardiometabolic outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), type 2 diabetes, and other relevant cardiometabolic comorbidities, as well as some intermediate cardiometabolic biomarkers. African Americans tend to have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] levels and higher cardiometabolic risk than whites. However, the temporal relation between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic outcomes remains unclear due to the lack of longitudinal data. Further, whether adding information on parathyroid hormone (PTH) can explain black-white disparities in cardiometabolic health is unknown. In this dissertation, I first prospectively and longitudinally investigated vitamin D status during early to mid-pregnancy in relation to GDM risk in a multiracial cohort of women from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton cohort. I also analyzed the data from the Women’s Health Initiative-Observational Study to 1) cross-sectionally examine race (black-white)-specific linear and non-linear relations of 25(OH)D and PTH with a panel of cardiometabolic biomarkers, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and beta-cell function, and 2) cross-sectionally and prospectively evaluate the combined associations of 25(OH)D and PTH with risk of diabetes and related cardiometabolic comorbidities (obesity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease) in U.S. white and black postmenopausal women. This research provides evidence of the temporal association between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk among women from racially/ethnically diverse groups, and possible black-white differences in these associations. The findings enhance our understanding of the contribution of vitamin D-PTH endocrine system to racial disparities in cardiometabolic health.Item Associations of Metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein with Mortality from total cancer, obesity-linked cancers and Breast Cancer among Women in NHANES III(Wiley, 2018-08) Gathirua-Mwangi, Wambui G.; Song, Yiqing; Monahan, Patrick; Champion, Victoria L.; Zollinger, Terrell; Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAlthough metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prognostic factor for cancer occurrence, the association of MetS and cancer mortality remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MetS, components of MetS and C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with cancer mortality in women. A total of 400 cancer deaths, with 140 deaths from obesity-linked-cancers (OLCas), [breast (BCa), colorectal, pancreatic and endometrial], linked through the National Death Index, were identified from 10,104 eligible subjects aged ≥18 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for cancer mortality. MetS was associated with increased deaths for total cancer [HR = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.70] and BCa [HR = 2.1, 95% CI, 1.09-4.11]. The risk of total cancer [HR = 1.7, 95% CI, 1.12-2.68], OLCas [HR = 2.1, 95% CI, 1.00-4.37] and BCa [HR = 3.8, 95% CI, 1.34-10.91] mortality was highest for women with all MetS components abnormal, compared to those without MetS. Linear associations of blood-pressure [HR = 2.5, 1.02-6.12, Quartile (Q) 4 vs Q1, p trend = 0.004] and blood-glucose [HR = 2.2, 1.04-4.60, Q4 vs. Q1, p trend = 0.04] with total-OLCas mortality were observed. A threefold increased risk of BCa mortality was observed for women with enlarged waist circumference, ≥100.9 cm, [HR = 3.5, 1.14-10.51, p trend = 0.008] and in those with increased blood glucose, ≥101 mg/dL, [HR = 3.2, 1.11-9.20, p trend = 0.03] compared to those in Q1. None of the components of MetS were associated with total-cancer mortality. CRP was not associated with cancer mortality. In conclusion, MetS is associated with total-cancer and breast-cancer mortality, with waist circumference, blood pressure and blood glucose as independent predictors of OLCas and BCa mortality.Item Associations of Muscle Mass and Strength with All-Cause Mortality among US Older Adults(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2018-03) Li, Ran; Xia, Jin; Zhang, Xi; Gathirua-Mwangi, Wambui Grace; Guo, Jianjun; Li, Yufeng; McKenzie, Steve; Song, Yiqing; Epidemiology, School of Public HealthINTRODUCTION: Recent studies suggested that muscle mass and muscle strength may independently or synergistically affect aging-related health outcomes in older adults; however, prospective data on mortality in the general population are sparse. METHODS: We aimed to prospectively examine individual and joint associations of low muscle mass and low muscle strength with all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample. This study included 4449 participants age 50 yr and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002 with public use 2011 linked mortality files. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol use, education, leisure time physical activity, sedentary time, and comorbid diseases. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of low muscle mass was 23.1% defined by appendicular lean mass (ALM) and 17.0% defined by ALM/BMI, and the prevalence of low muscle strength was 19.4%. In the joint analyses, all-cause mortality was significantly higher among individuals with low muscle strength, whether they had low muscle mass (odds ratio [OR], 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-3.24 for ALM; OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.64-3.88 for ALM/BMI) or not (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.53-4.62 for ALM; OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.29-3.64 for ALM/BMI). In addition, the significant associations between low muscle strength and all-cause mortality persisted across different levels of metabolic syndrome, sedentary time, and LTPA. CONCLUSIONS: Low muscle strength was independently associated with elevated risk of all-cause mortality, regardless of muscle mass, metabolic syndrome, sedentary time, or LTPA among US older adults, indicating the importance of muscle strength in predicting aging-related health outcomes in older adults.