Browsing by Author "Song, Y."

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    The East Africa Consortium for human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in women living with HIV/AIDS
    (Taylor & Francis, 2022) Tong, Y.; Orang’o, E.; Nakalembe, M.; Tonui, P.; Itsura, P.; Muthoka, K.; Titus, M.; Kiptoo, S.; Mwangi, A.; Ong’echa, J.; Tonui, R.; Odongo, B.; Mpamani, C.; Rosen, B.; Moormann, A.; Cu-Uvin, S.; Bailey, J.A.; Oduor, C.I.; Ermel, A.; Yiannoutsos, C.; Musick, B.; Sang, E.; Ngeresa, A.; Banturaki, G.; Kiragga, A.; Zhang, J.; Song, Y.; Chintala, S.; Katzenellenbogen, R.; Loehrer, P.; Brown, D.R.; Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine
    The East Africa Consortium was formed to study the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on HPV and cervical cancer, and to encourage collaborations between researchers in North America and East African countries. To date, studies have led to a better understanding of the influence of HIV infection on the detection and persistence of oncogenic HPV, the effects of dietary aflatoxin on the persistence of HPV, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on HPV persistence, and the differences in HPV detections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women undergoing treatment for cervical dysplasia by either cryotherapy or LEEP. It will now be determined how HPV testing fits into cervical cancer screening programs in Kenya and Uganda, how aflatoxin influences immunological control of HIV, how HPV alters certain genes involved in the growth of tumours in HIV-infected women. Although there have been challenges in performing this research, with time, this work should help to reduce the burden of cervical cancer and other cancers related to HIV infection in people living in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as optimized processes to better facilitate research as well as patient autonomy and safety. KEY MESSAGESThe East Africa Consortium was formed to study the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on HPV and cervical cancer.Collaborations have been established between researchers in North America and East African countries for these studies.Studies have led to a better understanding of the influence of HIV infection on the detection and persistence of oncogenic HPV, the effects of dietary aflatoxin on HPV detection, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on HPV persistence, and the differences in HPV detections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women undergoing treatment for cervical dysplasia by either cryotherapy or LEEP.
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    The Association between Citrus Consumption and Melanoma Risk in the UK Biobank
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Marley, A. R.; Li, M.; Champion, V. L.; Song, Y.; Han, J.; Li, X.; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Background: Melanoma incidence has been dramatically increasing worldwide. Psoralen, a known photocarcinogen, is naturally abundant in citrus products, leading to the hypothesis that high citrus consumption may increase melanoma risk. Objectives: To investigate the association between total citrus consumption and melanoma risk, and the association between individual citrus products and melanoma risk, and to test for interactions between total citrus intake and established melanoma risk factors. Methods: Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between citrus consumption and melanoma risk among 1592 cases and 197 372 controls from the UK Biobank cohort. Citrus consumption data were collected via five rounds of 24-h recall questionnaires. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to determine melanoma outcome. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the highest category of total citrus intake (> 2 servings per day) had a significantly increased risk of melanoma (OR 1·63, 95% CI 1·24-2·12) relative to those with no consumption. For individual citrus products, participants with the most orange and orange juice consumption (> 1 serving per day) had a significantly increased melanoma risk relative to those with no consumption (OR 1·79, 95% CI 1·07-2·78 and OR 1·54, 95% CI 1·10-2·10, respectively). Fair- or very fair-skinned participants with high citrus consumption had an even greater melanoma risk (OR 1·75, 95% CI 1·31-2·29). Conclusions: High citrus consumption was associated with an increased risk of melanoma in a large, prospective, population-based cohort. Further validation of these findings could lead to improved melanoma prevention strategies.