Browsing by Author "Smith, Mark"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Can you cause inflammatory bowel disease with fecal transplantation? A 31-patient case-series of fecal transplantation using stool from a donor who later developed Crohn's disease
    (Taylor & Francis, 2017-05-04) Fischer, Monika; Bittar, Mohamad; Papa, Eliseo; Kassam, Zain; Smith, Mark; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Compromised vertebral structural and mechanical properties associated with progressive kidney disease and the effects of traditional pharmacological interventions
    (Elsevier, 2015-08) Newman, Christopher L.; Chen, Neal X.; Smith, Eric; Smith, Mark; Brown, Drew; Moe, Sharon M.; Allen, Matthew R.; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, IU School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) have a significantly higher vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk than the general population. Several preclinical models have documented altered skeletal properties in long bones, but few data exist for vertebral bone. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of progressive CKD on vertebral bone structure and mechanics and to determine the effects of treatment with either bisphosphonates or anti-sclerostin antibody in groups of animals with high or low PTH. METHODS: Animals with progressive kidney disease were left untreated, treated with calcium to lower PTH, zoledronic acid to lower remodeling without affecting PTH, anti-sclerostin antibody, or anti-sclerostin antibody plus calcium. Non-diseased, untreated littermates served as controls. Vertebral bone morphology (trabecular and cortical) and mechanical properties (structural and material-level) were assessed at 35 weeks of age by microCT and mechanical testing, respectively. RESULTS: CKD with high PTH resulted in 6-fold higher bone formation rate, significant reductions in the amount of trabecular and cortical bone, and compromised whole bone mechanical properties in the vertebra compared to normal animals. Treatments that reduced bone remodeling were effective in normalizing vertebral structure and mechanical properties only if the treatment reduced serum PTH. Similarly, treatment with anti-sclerostin antibody was effective in enhancing bone mass and mechanical properties but only if combined with PTH-suppressive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: CKD significantly altered both cortical and trabecular bone properties in the vertebra resulting in compromised mechanical properties and these changes can be normalized by interventions that involve reductions in PTH levels.
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    Integrating neuroimaging biomarkers into the multicentre, high-dose erythropoietin for asphyxia and encephalopathy (HEAL) trial: rationale, protocol and harmonisation
    (BMJ, 2021-04-22) Wisnowski, Jessica L.; Bluml, Stefan; Panigrahy, Ashok; Mathur, Amit M.; Berman, Jeffrey; Chen, Ping-Sun Keven; Dix, James; Flynn, Trevor; Fricke, Stanley; Friedman, Seth D.; Head, Hayden W.; Ho, Chang Y.; Kline-Fath, Beth; Oveson, Michael; Patterson, Richard; Pruthi, Sumit; Rollins, Nancy; Ramos, Yanerys M.; Rampton, John; Rusin, Jerome; Shaw, Dennis W.; Smith, Mark; Tkach, Jean; Vasanawala, Shreyas; Vossough, Arastoo; Whitehead, Matthew T.; Xu, Duan; Yeom, Kristen; Comstock, Bryan; Heagerty, Patrick J.; Juul, Sandra E.; Wu, Yvonne W.; McKinstry, Robert C.; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    Introduction: MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS) provide early biomarkers of brain injury and treatment response in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy). Still, there are challenges to incorporating neuroimaging biomarkers into multisite randomised controlled trials. In this paper, we provide the rationale for incorporating MRI and MRS biomarkers into the multisite, phase III high-dose erythropoietin for asphyxia and encephalopathy (HEAL) Trial, the MRI/S protocol and describe the strategies used for harmonisation across multiple MRI platforms. Methods and analysis: Neonates with moderate or severe encephalopathy enrolled in the multisite HEAL trial undergo MRI and MRS between 96 and 144 hours of age using standardised neuroimaging protocols. MRI and MRS data are processed centrally and used to determine a brain injury score and quantitative measures of lactate and n-acetylaspartate. Harmonisation is achieved through standardisation-thereby reducing intrasite and intersite variance, real-time quality assurance monitoring and phantom scans. Ethics and dissemination: IRB approval was obtained at each participating site and written consent obtained from parents prior to participation in HEAL. Additional oversight is provided by an National Institutes of Health-appointed data safety monitoring board and medical monitor.