Browsing by Author "Smith, Elizabeth"

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    Metacognitive profiles in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Comparisons with healthy controls and correlations with negative symptoms
    (Elsevier, 2017-11) Popolo, Raffaele; Smith, Elizabeth; Lysaker, Paul H.; Lestingi, Krizia; Cavallo, Francesca; Melchiorre, Luisa; Santone, Cristina; Dimaggio, Giancarlo; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    While deficits in metacognition, or the ability to notice and reflect upon mental states has been observed in schizophrenia and linked with poorer concurrent and future function, it is unknown whether these deficits are unique to schizophrenia. Accordingly, this study assessed metacognition using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale–Abbreviated (MAS-A) and the Metacognitions Questionnaire– 30 (MCQ-30) among 26 adults with schizophrenia, 23 with bipolar disorder and 23 healthy controls. Symptom levels of the psychiatric groups were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. ANCOVA controlling for age and education revealed that the schizophrenia group had lower scores on the MAS-A total and its subscales compared to the bipolar group and healthy controls. The bipolar disorder group also had lower MAS-A scores than the healthy control group. No group differences were found for the MCQ-30. Examination of symptom correlates revealed MAS-A scores were most commonly related to negative symptoms in both clinical groups. The total score and need for control subscale of MCQ-30 was related to total symptomatology and positive symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. Correlations between the two measures of metacognition revealed that higher MAS-A scores were significantly related to lower scores on the Need to Control Thoughts MCQ-30 subscale.
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    State of Type 1 Diabetes Management and Outcomes from the T1D Exchange in 2016–2018
    (Liebert, 2019-02) Foster, Nicole C.; Beck, Roy W.; Miller, Kellee M.; Clements, Mark A.; Rickels, Michael R.; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Maahs, David M.; Tamborlane, William V.; Bergenstal, Richard; Smith, Elizabeth; Olson, Beth A.; Garg, Satish K.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Objective: To provide a snapshot of the profile of adults and youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the United States and assessment of longitudinal changes in T1D management and clinical outcomes in the T1D Exchange registry. Research Design and Methods: Data on diabetes management and outcomes from 22,697 registry participants (age 1–93 years) were collected between 2016 and 2018 and compared with data collected in 2010–2012 for 25,529 registry participants. Results: Mean HbA1c in 2016–2018 increased from 65 mmol/mol at the age of 5 years to 78 mmol/mol between ages 15 and 18, with a decrease to 64 mmol/mol by age 28 and 58–63 mmol/mol beyond age 30. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) HbA1c goal of <58 mmol/mol for youth was achieved by only 17% and the goal of <53 mmol/mol for adults by only 21%. Mean HbA1c levels changed little between 2010–2012 and 2016–2018, except in adolescents who had a higher mean HbA1c in 2016–2018. Insulin pump use increased from 57% in 2010–2012 to 63% in 2016–2018. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) increased from 7% in 2010–2012 to 30% in 2016–2018, rising >10-fold in children <12 years old. HbA1c levels were lower in CGM users than nonusers. Severe hypoglycemia was most frequent in participants ≥50 years old and diabetic ketoacidosis was most common in adolescents and young adults. Racial differences were evident in use of pumps and CGM and HbA1c levels. Conclusions: Data from the T1D Exchange registry demonstrate that only a minority of adults and youth with T1D in the United States achieve ADA goals for HbA1c.