Browsing by Author "Simmons, Kimber M."

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    Consensus guidance for monitoring individuals with islet autoantibody-positive pre-stage 3 type 1 diabetes
    (Springer, 2024-09) Phillip, Moshe; Achenbach, Peter; Addala, Ananta; Albanese-O'Neill, Anastasia; Battelino, Tadej; Bell, Kirstine J.; Besser, Rachel E. J.; Bonifacio, Ezio; Colhoun, Helen M.; Couper, Jennifer J.; Craig, Maria E.; Danne, Thomas; de Beaufort, Carine; Dovc, Klemen; Driscoll, Kimberly A.; Dutta, Sanjoy; Ebekozien, Osagie; Elding Larsson, Helena; Feiten, Daniel J.; Frohnert, Brigitte I.; Gabbay, Robert A.; Gallagher, Mary P.; Greenbaum, Carla J.; Griffin, Kurt J.; Hagopian, William; Haller, Michael J.; Hendrieckx, Christel; Hendriks, Emile; Holt, Richard I. G.; Hughes, Lucille; Ismail, Heba M.; Jacobsen, Laura M.; Johnson, Suzanne B.; Kolb, Leslie E.; Kordonouri, Olga; Lange, Karin; Lash, Robert W.; Lernmark, Åke; Libman, Ingrid; Lundgren, Markus; Maahs, David M.; Marcovecchio, M. Loredana; Mathieu, Chantal; Miller, Kellee M.; O'Donnell, Holly K.; Oron, Tal; Patil, Shivajirao P.; Pop-Busui, Rodica; Rewers, Marian J.; Rich, Stephen S.; Schatz, Desmond A.; Schulman-Rosenbaum, Rifka; Simmons, Kimber M.; Sims, Emily K.; Skyler, Jay S.; Smith, Laura B.; Speake, Cate; Steck, Andrea K.; Thomas, Nicholas P. B.; Tonyushkina, Ksenia N.; Veijola, Riitta; Wentworth, John M.; Wherrett, Diane K.; Wood, Jamie R.; Ziegler, Anette-Gabriele; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Given the proven benefits of screening to reduce diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) likelihood at the time of stage 3 type 1 diabetes diagnosis, and emerging availability of therapy to delay disease progression, type 1 diabetes screening programmes are being increasingly emphasised. Once broadly implemented, screening initiatives will identify significant numbers of islet autoantibody-positive (IAb+) children and adults who are at risk of (confirmed single IAb+) or living with (multiple IAb+) early-stage (stage 1 and stage 2) type 1 diabetes. These individuals will need monitoring for disease progression; much of this care will happen in non-specialised settings. To inform this monitoring, JDRF in conjunction with international experts and societies developed consensus guidance. Broad advice from this guidance includes the following: (1) partnerships should be fostered between endocrinologists and primary-care providers to care for people who are IAb+; (2) when people who are IAb+ are initially identified there is a need for confirmation using a second sample; (3) single IAb+ individuals are at lower risk of progression than multiple IAb+ individuals; (4) individuals with early-stage type 1 diabetes should have periodic medical monitoring, including regular assessments of glucose levels, regular education about symptoms of diabetes and DKA, and psychosocial support; (5) interested people with stage 2 type 1 diabetes should be offered trial participation or approved therapies; and (6) all health professionals involved in monitoring and care of individuals with type 1 diabetes have a responsibility to provide education. The guidance also emphasises significant unmet needs for further research on early-stage type 1 diabetes to increase the rigour of future recommendations and inform clinical care.
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    Correction to: Consensus guidance for monitoring individuals with islet autoantibody‑positive pre‑stage 3 type 1 diabetes
    (Springer, 2024) Phillip, Moshe; Achenbach, Peter; Addala, Ananta; Albanese-O'Neill, Anastasia; Battelino, Tadej; Bell, Kirstine J.; Besser, Rachel E. J.; Bonifacio, Ezio; Colhoun, Helen M.; Couper, Jennifer J.; Craig, Maria E.; Danne, Thomas; de Beaufort, Carine; Dovc, Klemen; Driscoll, Kimberly A.; Dutta, Sanjoy; Ebekozien, Osagie; Elding Larsson, Helena; Feiten, Daniel J.; Frohnert, Brigitte I.; Gabbay, Robert A.; Gallagher, Mary P.; Greenbaum, Carla J.; Griffin, Kurt J.; Hagopian, William; Haller, Michael J.; Hendrieckx, Christel; Hendriks, Emile; Holt, Richard I. G.; Hughes, Lucille; Ismail, Heba M.; Jacobsen, Laura M.; Johnson, Suzanne B.; Kolb, Leslie E.; Kordonouri, Olga; Lange, Karin; Lash, Robert W.; Lernmark, Åke; Libman, Ingrid; Lundgren, Markus; Maahs, David M.; Marcovecchio, M. Loredana; Mathieu, Chantal; Miller, Kellee M.; O'Donnell, Holly K.; Oron, Tal; Patil, Shivajirao P.; Pop-Busui, Rodica; Rewers, Marian J.; Rich, Stephen S.; Schatz, Desmond A.; Schulman-Rosenbaum, Rifka; Simmons, Kimber M.; Sims, Emily K.; Skyler, Jay S.; Smith, Laura B.; Speake, Cate; Steck, Andrea K.; Thomas, Nicholas P. B.; Tonyushkina, Ksenia N.; Veijola, Riitta; Wentworth, John M.; Wherrett, Diane K.; Wood, Jamie R.; Ziegler, Anette-Gabriele; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
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    Islet Autoantibody Measurements from Dried Blood Spots on Filter Paper Strongly Correlate to Serum Levels
    (Plos, 2016-11-15) Simmons, Kimber M.; Alkanani, Aimon K.; McDaniel, Kristen A.; Goyne, Christopher; Miao, Dongmei; Zhao, Zhiyuan; Yu, Liping; Michels, Aaron W.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing in incidence and predictable with measurement of serum islet autoantibodies (iAb) years prior to clinical disease onset. Identifying iAb positive individuals reduces diabetic ketoacidosis and identifies individuals for T1D prevention trials. However, large scale screening for iAb remains challenging as assays have varying sensitivities and specificities, insulin autoantibodies remain difficult to measure and venipuncture is generally required to obtain serum. We developed an approach to reliably measure all four major iAb, including insulin autoantibodies, from dried blood spots (DBS) on filter-paper. By spiking iAb positive serum into iAb negative whole blood in a dose titration, we optimized the conditions for autoantibody elution from filter paper as measured by fluid phase radioimmunoassays. After assessing stability of measuring iAb from DBS over time, we then screened iAb from DBS and the corresponding serum in new-onset T1D (n = 52), and controls (n = 72) which included first-degree relatives of T1D patients. iAb measured from eluted DBS in new-onset T1D strongly correlated with serum measurements (R2 = 0.96 for mIAA, GADA = 0.94, IA-2A = 0.85, ZnT8A = 0.82, p<0.01 for each autoantibody). There were no false positives in control subjects, and 5/6 with previously unknown iAb positivity in sera were detected using DBS. With further validation, measuring iAb from DBS can be a reliable method to screen for T1D risk.
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    Screening and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Where Are We?
    (Oxford University Press, 2023) Simmons, Kimber M.; Sims, Emily K.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the subsequent requirement for exogenous insulin treatment is associated with considerable acute and chronic morbidity and a substantial effect on patient quality of life. Importantly, a large body of work suggests that early identification of presymptomatic T1D can accurately predict clinical disease, and when paired with education and monitoring, can yield improved health outcomes. Furthermore, a growing cadre of effective disease-modifying therapies provides the potential to alter the natural history of early stages of T1D. In this mini review, we highlight prior work that has led to the current landscape of T1D screening and prevention, as well as challenges and next steps moving into the future of these rapidly evolving areas of patient care.