Browsing by Author "Sheridan, J. F."

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    Oral Sciences PhD Program Enrollment, Graduates, and Placement: 1994 to 2016
    (Sage, 2018-05) Herzog, C. R.; Berzins, D. W.; DenBesten, P.; Gregory, Richard L.; Hargreaves, K. M.; Messer, R. L. W.; Mina, M.; Mooney, M. P.; Paine, M. L.; Phillips, C.; Presland, R. B.; Quivey, R. G.; Scannapieco, F. A.; Sheridan, J. F.; Svoboda, K. K. H.; Trackman, P. C.; Walker, M. P.; Walker, S. G.; Wang, C. Y.; Hu, J. C. C.; Biomedical and Applied Sciences, School of Dentistry
    For decades, dental schools in the United States have endured a significant faculty shortage. Studies have determined that the top 2 sources of dental faculty are advanced education programs and private practice. Those who have completed both DDS and PhD training are considered prime candidates for dental faculty positions. However, there is no national database to track those trainees and no evidence to indicate that they entered academia upon graduation. The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of dental school–affiliated oral sciences PhD program enrollment, graduates, and placement between 1994 and 2016. Using the American Dental Association annual survey of advanced dental education programs not accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation and data obtained from 22 oral sciences PhD programs, we assessed student demographics, enrollment, graduation, and placement. Based on the data provided by program directors, the average new enrollment was 33, and graduation was 26 per year. A total of 605 graduated; 39 did not complete; and 168 were still in training. Among those 605 graduates, 211 were faculty in U.S. academic institutions, and 77 were faculty in foreign institutions. Given that vacant budgeted full-time faculty positions averaged 257 per year during this period, graduates from those oral sciences PhD programs who entered academia in the United States would have filled 9 (3.6%) vacant faculty positions per year. Therefore, PhD programs have consistently generated only a small pipeline of dental school faculty. Better mentoring to retain talent in academia is necessary. Stronger support and creative funding plans are essential to sustain the PhD program. Furthermore, the oral sciences PhD program database should be established and maintained by dental professional organizations to allow assessments of training models, trends of enrollment, graduation, and placement outcomes.
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    Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma
    (Cambridge University Press, 2023) Harnett, N. G.; Dumornay, N. M.; Delity, M.; Sanchez, L. D.; Mohiuddin, K.; Musey, P. I., Jr.; Seamon, M. J.; McLean, S. A.; Kessler, R. C.; Koenen, K. C.; Beaudoin, F. L.; Lebois, L. A. M.; van Rooij, S. J. H.; Sampson, N. A.; Michopoulos, V.; Maples-Keller, J. L.; Haran, J. P.; Storrow, A. B.; Lewandowski, C.; Hendry, P. L.; Sheikh, S.; Jones, C. W.; Punches, B. E.; Kurz, M. C.; Swor, R. A.; McGrath, M. E.; Hudak, L. A.; Pascual, J. L.; House, S. L.; An, X.; Stevens, J. S.; Neylan, T. C.; Jovanovic, T.; Linnstaedt, S. D.; Germine, L. T.; Datner, E. M.; Chang, A. M.; Pearson, C.; Peak, D. A.; Merchant, R. C.; Domeier, R. M.; Rathlev, N. K.; O'Neil, B. J.; Sergot, P.; Bruce, S. E.; Miller, M. W.; Pietrzak, R. H.; Joormann, J.; Barch, D. M.; Pizzagalli, D. A.; Sheridan, J. F.; Smoller, J. W.; Luna, B.; Harte, S. E.; Elliott, J. M.; Ressler, K. J.; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time. Methods: As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma. Participants (n = 930) were recruited from emergency departments across the USA and provided periodic (2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months after trauma) self-report assessments of PTSD, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and resilience. Linear models were completed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic dysfunction with subsequent follow-up models assessing potential effects of prior life stressors. Results: Racial/ethnic groups did not differ in symptoms over time; however, Black participants showed reduced posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms overall compared to Hispanic participants and White participants. Racial/ethnic differences were not attenuated after accounting for differences in sociodemographic factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in depression and anxiety were no longer significant after accounting for greater prior trauma exposure and childhood emotional abuse in White participants. Conclusions: The present findings suggest prior differences in previous trauma exposure partially mediate the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms following a recent trauma. Our findings further demonstrate that racial/ethnic groups show similar rates of symptom recovery over time. Future work utilizing longer time-scale data is needed to elucidate potential racial/ethnic differences in long-term symptom trajectories.