Browsing by Author "Seage, George R."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Aggregate risk of cardiovascular disease among adolescents perinatally infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
    (Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart Association, 2014-03-18) Patel, Kunjal; Wang, Jiajia; Jacobson, Denise L.; Lipshultz, Steven E.; Landy, David C.; Geffner, Mitchell E.; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Seage, George R.; Williams, Paige L.; Van Dyke, Russell B.; Siberry, George K.; Shearer, William T.; Young, Luciana; Scott, Gwendolyn B.; Wilkinson, James D.; Fisher, Stacy D.; Starc, Thomas J.; Miller, Tracie L.; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND: Perinatally HIV-infected adolescents may be susceptible to aggregate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, as measured by the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) coronary arteries and abdominal aorta risk scores, as a result of prolonged exposure to HIV and antiretroviral therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Coronary arteries and abdominal aorta PDAY scores were calculated for 165 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents, using a weighted combination of modifiable risk factors: dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity, and hyperglycemia. Demographic and HIV-specific predictors of scores ≥1 were identified, and trends in scores over time were assessed. Forty-eight percent and 24% of the perinatally HIV-infected adolescents had coronary arteries and abdominal aorta scores ≥1, representing increased cardiovascular disease risk factor burden. Significant predictors of coronary arteries scores ≥1 included male sex, history of an AIDS-defining condition, longer duration of use of a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor, and no prior use of tenofovir. Significant predictors of abdominal aorta scores ≥1 included suppressed viral load, history of an AIDS-defining condition, and longer duration of boosted protease inhibitor use. No significant changes in coronary arteries and abdominal aorta risk scores were observed over the 4-year study period. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of perinatally HIV-infected youth have high PDAY scores, reflecting increased aggregate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factor burden. High scores were predicted by HIV disease severity and boosted protease inhibitor use. PDAY scores may be useful in identifying high-risk youth who may benefit from early lifestyle or clinical interventions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Pubertal Onset in HIV-infected Children in the Era of Combination Antiretroviral Treatment
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2013) Williams, Paige L.; Abzug, Mark J.; Jacobson, Denise L.; Wang, Jiajia; Van Dyke, Russell B.; Hazra, Rohan; Patel, Kunjal; Dimeglio, Linda A.; McFarland, Elizabeth J.; Silio, Margarita; Borkowsky, William; Seage, George R.; Oleske, James M.; Geffner, Mitchell E.; International Maternal Pediatric and Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials P219219C Study; Pediatric HIVAIDS Cohort Study; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Objective: To evaluate associations of perinatal HIV infection, HIV disease severity, and combination antiretroviral treatment with age at pubertal onset. Design: Analysis of data from two US longitudinal cohort studies (IMPAACT 219C and PHACS AMP), conducted during 2000-2012, including perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) youth. Tanner stage assessments of pubertal status (breast and pubic hair in girls; genitalia and pubic hair in boys) were conducted annually. Methods: We compared the timing of pubertal onset (Tanner stage ≥2) between PHIV and HEU youth using interval-censored models. For PHIV youth, we evaluated associations of HIV disease severity and combination antiretroviral treatment with age at pubertal onset, adjusting for race/ethnicity and birth cohort. Results: The mean age at pubertal onset was significantly later for the 2086 PHIV youth compared to the 453 HEU children (10.3 vs. 9.6, 10.5 vs. 10.0, 11.3 vs. 10.4, and 11.5 vs. 10.7 years according to female breast, female pubic hair, male genitalia, and male pubic hair staging, respectively, all P < 0.001). PHIV youth with HIV-1 RNA viral load above 10, 000 copies/ml (vs. ≤10, 000 copies/ml) or CD4% below 15% (vs. ≥15%) had significantly later pubertal onset (by 4-13 months). Each additional year of combination antiretroviral treatment was associated with a 0.6-1.2-month earlier mean age at pubertal onset, but this trend did not persist after adjustment for birth cohort. Conclusion: Pubertal onset occurs significantly later in PHIV than in HEU youth, especially among those with more severe HIV disease. However, in the current era, combination antiretroviral treatment may result in more normal timing of pubertal onset.