Browsing by Author "Schwarz, Norbert"

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    MLK Day and Racial Attitudes: Liking the Group More but Its Members Less
    (Wiley, 2015-10-01) Chopik, William J.; O'Brien, Ed; Konrath, Sara H.; Schwarz, Norbert
    Intuition suggests that the Martin Luther King holiday (MLK Day) should improve racial attitudes toward African Americans. However, its influence may depend on whether African Americans are evaluated as a group or individually. In two studies, we assessed racial attitudes either on MLK Day or on a control day. As might be expected, participants had more sympathetic attitudes towards African Americans as a group on MLK Day compared to control days; however, they evaluated individual African American exemplars more negatively on MLK Day compared to control days, who presumably seemed worse by comparison to the eminent political figure.
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    The Right Angle: Visual Portrayal of Products Affects Observers’ Impressions of Owners
    (2012-10-01) Schuldt, Jonathon P.; Konrath, Sara H.; Schwarz, Norbert
    Consumer products have long been known to influence observers’ impressions of product owners. The angle at which products are visually portrayed in advertisements, however, may be an overlooked factor in these effects. We hypothesize and find that portrayals of the same product from different viewpoints can prime different associations that color impressions of product and owner in parallel ways. In Study 1, automobiles were rated higher on status- and power-related traits (e.g., dominant, powerful) when portrayed head-on versus in side profile, an effect found for sport utility vehicles (SUVs)—a category with a reputation for dominance—but not sedans. In Study 2, these portrayal-based associations influenced the impressions formed about the product's owner: a target person was rated higher on status- and power-related traits when his SUV was portrayed head-on versus in side profile. These results suggest that the influence of visual portrayal extends beyond general evaluations of products to affect more specific impressions of products and owners alike, and highlight that primed traits are likely to influence impressions when compatible with other knowledge about the target.
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    The paucity of morality in everyday talk
    (Springer Nature, 2023-04-12) Atari, Mohammad; Mehl, Matthias R.; Graham, Jesse; Doris, John M.; Schwarz, Norbert; Davani, Aida Mostafazadeh; Omrani, Ali; Kennedy, Brendan; Gonzalez, Elaine; Jafarzadeh, Nikki; Hussain, Alyzeh; Mirinjian, Arineh; Madden, Annabelle; Bhatia, Rhea; Burch, Alexander; Harlan, Allison; Sbarra, David A.; Raison, Charles L.; Moseley, Suzanne A.; Polsinelli, Angelina J.; Dehghani, Morteza; Neurology, School of Medicine
    Given its centrality in scholarly and popular discourse, morality should be expected to figure prominently in everyday talk. We test this expectation by examining the frequency of moral content in three contexts, using three methods: (a) Participants’ subjective frequency estimates (N = 581); (b) Human content analysis of unobtrusively recorded in-person interactions (N = 542 participants; n = 50,961 observations); and (c) Computational content analysis of Facebook posts (N = 3822 participants; n = 111,886 observations). In their self-reports, participants estimated that 21.5% of their interactions touched on morality (Study 1), but objectively, only 4.7% of recorded conversational samples (Study 2) and 2.2% of Facebook posts (Study 3) contained moral content. Collectively, these findings suggest that morality may be far less prominent in everyday life than scholarly and popular discourse, and laypeople, presume.