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Browsing by Author "Schindler, Suzanne E."
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Item Comparative Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Measurement by Multiplex SOMAscan Platform and Immunoassay-Based Approach(IOS Press, 2022) Timsina, Jigyasha; Gomez-Fonseca, Duber; Wang, Lihua; Do, Anh; Western, Dan; Alvarez, Ignacio; Aguilar, Miquel; Pastor, Pau; Henson, Rachel L.; Herries, Elizabeth; Xiong, Chengjie; Schindler, Suzanne E.; Fagan, Anne M.; Bateman, Randall J.; Farlow, Martin; Morris, John C.; Perrin, Richard J.; Moulder, Krista; Hassenstab, Jason; Vöglein, Jonathan; Chhatwal, Jasmeer; Mori, Hiroshi; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Consortia; Sung, Yun Ju; Cruchaga, Carlos; Neurology, School of MedicineBackground: The SOMAscan assay has an advantage over immunoassay-based methods because it measures a large number of proteins in a cost-effective manner. However, the performance of this technology compared to the routinely used immunoassay techniques needs to be evaluated. Objective: We performed comparative analyses of SOMAscan and immunoassay-based protein measurements for five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegeneration: NfL, Neurogranin, sTREM2, VILIP-1, and SNAP-25. Methods: We compared biomarkers measured in ADNI (N = 689), Knight-ADRC (N = 870), DIAN (N = 115), and Barcelona-1 (N = 92) cohorts. Raw protein values were transformed using z-score in order to combine measures from the different studies. sTREM2 and VILIP-1 had more than one analyte in SOMAscan; all available analytes were evaluated. Pearson's correlation coefficients between SOMAscan and immunoassays were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve were used to compare prediction accuracy of these biomarkers between the two platforms. Results: Neurogranin, VILIP-1, and NfL showed high correlation between SOMAscan and immunoassay measures (r > 0.9). sTREM2 had a fair correlation (r > 0.6), whereas SNAP-25 showed weak correlation (r = 0.06). Measures in both platforms provided similar predicted performance for all biomarkers except SNAP-25 and one of the sTREM2 analytes. sTREM2 showed higher AUC for SOMAscan based measures. Conclusion: Our data indicate that SOMAscan performs as well as immunoassay approaches for NfL, Neurogranin, VILIP-1, and sTREM2. Our study shows promise for using SOMAscan as an alternative to traditional immunoassay-based measures. Follow-up investigation will be required for SNAP-25 and additional established biomarkers.Item Longitudinal clinical, cognitive and biomarker profiles in dominantly inherited versus sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease(Oxford University Press, 2023-10-18) Llibre-Guerra, Jorge J.; Iaccarino, Leonardo; Coble, Dean; Edwards, Lauren; Li, Yan; McDade, Eric; Strom, Amelia; Gordon, Brian; Mundada, Nidhi; Schindler, Suzanne E.; Tsoy, Elena; Ma, Yinjiao; Lu, Ruijin; Fagan, Anne M.; Benzinger, Tammie L. S.; Soleimani-Meigooni, David; Aschenbrenner, Andrew J.; Miller, Zachary; Wang, Guoqiao; Kramer, Joel H.; Hassenstab, Jason; Rosen, Howard J.; Morris, John C.; Miller, Bruce L.; Xiong, Chengjie; Perrin, Richard J.; Allegri, Ricardo; Chrem, Patricio; Surace, Ezequiel; Berman, Sarah B.; Chhatwal, Jasmeer; Masters, Colin L.; Farlow, Martin R.; Jucker, Mathias; Levin, Johannes; Fox, Nick C.; Day, Gregory; Gorno-Tempini, Maria Luisa; Boxer, Adam L.; La Joie, Renaud; Rabinovici, Gil D.; Bateman, Randall; Neurology, School of MedicineApproximately 5% of Alzheimer's disease cases have an early age at onset (<65 years), with 5-10% of these cases attributed to dominantly inherited mutations and the remainder considered as sporadic. The extent to which dominantly inherited and sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease overlap is unknown. In this study, we explored the clinical, cognitive and biomarker profiles of early-onset Alzheimer's disease, focusing on commonalities and distinctions between dominantly inherited and sporadic cases. Our analysis included 117 participants with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease enrolled in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network and 118 individuals with sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease enrolled at the University of California San Francisco Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Baseline differences in clinical and biomarker profiles between both groups were compared using t-tests. Differences in the rates of decline were compared using linear mixed-effects models. Individuals with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease exhibited an earlier age-at-symptom onset compared with the sporadic group [43.4 (SD ± 8.5) years versus 54.8 (SD ± 5.0) years, respectively, P < 0.001]. Sporadic cases showed a higher frequency of atypical clinical presentations relative to dominantly inherited (56.8% versus 8.5%, respectively) and a higher frequency of APOE-ε4 (50.0% versus 28.2%, P = 0.001). Compared with sporadic early onset, motor manifestations were higher in the dominantly inherited cohort [32.5% versus 16.9% at baseline (P = 0.006) and 46.1% versus 25.4% at last visit (P = 0.001)]. At baseline, the sporadic early-onset group performed worse on category fluency (P < 0.001), Trail Making Test Part B (P < 0.001) and digit span (P < 0.001). Longitudinally, both groups demonstrated similar rates of cognitive and functional decline in the early stages. After 10 years from symptom onset, dominantly inherited participants experienced a greater decline as measured by Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes [3.63 versus 1.82 points (P = 0.035)]. CSF amyloid beta-42 levels were comparable [244 (SD ± 39.3) pg/ml dominantly inherited versus 296 (SD ± 24.8) pg/ml sporadic early onset, P = 0.06]. CSF phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 levels were higher in the dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease cohort (87.3 versus 59.7 pg/ml, P = 0.005), but no significant differences were found for t-tau levels (P = 0.35). In summary, sporadic and inherited Alzheimer's disease differed in baseline profiles; sporadic early onset is best distinguished from dominantly inherited by later age at onset, high frequency of atypical clinical presentations and worse executive performance at baseline. Despite these differences, shared pathways in longitudinal clinical decline and CSF biomarkers suggest potential common therapeutic targets for both populations, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical trial design.Item Multimodal brain age estimates relate to Alzheimer disease biomarkers and cognition in early stages: a cross-sectional observational study(eLife Sciences, 2023-01-06) Millar, Peter R.; Gordon, Brian A.; Luckett, Patrick H.; Benzinger, Tammie L. S.; Cruchaga, Carlos; Fagan, Anne M.; Hassenstab, Jason J.; Perrin, Richard J.; Schindler, Suzanne E.; Allegri, Ricardo F.; Day, Gregory S.; Farlow, Martin R.; Mori, Hiroshi; Nübling, Georg; The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network; Bateman, Randall J.; Morris, John C.; Ances, Beau M.; Neurology, School of MedicineBackground: Estimates of 'brain-predicted age' quantify apparent brain age compared to normative trajectories of neuroimaging features. The brain age gap (BAG) between predicted and chronological age is elevated in symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD) but has not been well explored in presymptomatic AD. Prior studies have typically modeled BAG with structural MRI, but more recently other modalities, including functional connectivity (FC) and multimodal MRI, have been explored. Methods: We trained three models to predict age from FC, structural (S), or multimodal MRI (S+FC) in 390 amyloid-negative cognitively normal (CN/A-) participants (18-89 years old). In independent samples of 144 CN/A-, 154 CN/A+, and 154 cognitively impaired (CI; CDR > 0) participants, we tested relationships between BAG and AD biomarkers of amyloid and tau, as well as a global cognitive composite. Results: All models predicted age in the control training set, with the multimodal model outperforming the unimodal models. All three BAG estimates were significantly elevated in CI compared to controls. FC-BAG was significantly reduced in CN/A+ participants compared to CN/A-. In CI participants only, elevated S-BAG and S+FC BAG were associated with more advanced AD pathology and lower cognitive performance. Conclusions: Both FC-BAG and S-BAG are elevated in CI participants. However, FC and structural MRI also capture complementary signals. Specifically, FC-BAG may capture a unique biphasic response to presymptomatic AD pathology, while S-BAG may capture pathological progression and cognitive decline in the symptomatic stage. A multimodal age-prediction model improves sensitivity to healthy age differences.Item Novel avenues of tau research(Wiley, 2024) Sexton, Claire E.; Bitan, Gal; Bowles, Kathryn R.; Brys, Miroslaw; Buée, Luc; Bukar Maina, Mahmoud; Clelland, Claire D.; Cohen, Ann D.; Crary, John F.; Dage, Jeffrey L.; Diaz, Kristophe; Frost, Bess; Gan, Li; Goate, Alison M.; Golbe, Lawrence I.; Hansson, Oskar; Karch, Celeste M.; Kolb, Hartmuth C.; La Joie, Renaud; Lee, Suzee E.; Matallana, Diana; Miller, Bruce L.; Onyike, Chiadi U.; Quiroz, Yakeel T.; Rexach, Jessica E.; Rohrer, Jonathan D.; Rommel, Amy; Sadri-Vakili, Ghazaleh; Schindler, Suzanne E.; Schneider, Julie A.; Sperling, Reisa A.; Teunissen, Charlotte E.; Weninger, Stacie C.; Worley, Susan L.; Zheng, Hui; Carrillo, Maria C.; Neurology, School of MedicineIntroduction: The pace of innovation has accelerated in virtually every area of tau research in just the past few years. Methods: In February 2022, leading international tau experts convened to share selected highlights of this work during Tau 2022, the second international tau conference co-organized and co-sponsored by the Alzheimer's Association, CurePSP, and the Rainwater Charitable Foundation. Results: Representing academia, industry, and the philanthropic sector, presenters joined more than 1700 registered attendees from 59 countries, spanning six continents, to share recent advances and exciting new directions in tau research. Discussion: The virtual meeting provided an opportunity to foster cross-sector collaboration and partnerships as well as a forum for updating colleagues on research-advancing tools and programs that are steadily moving the field forward.Item Proteomics of brain, CSF, and plasma identifies molecular signatures for distinguishing sporadic and genetic Alzheimer's disease(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023) Sung, Yun Ju; Yang, Chengran; Norton, Joanne; Johnson, Matt; Fagan, Anne; Bateman, Randall J.; Perrin, Richard J.; Morris, John C.; Farlow, Martin R.; Chhatwal, Jasmeer P.; Schofield, Peter R.; Chui, Helena; Wang, Fengxian; Novotny, Brenna; Eteleeb, Abdallah; Karch, Celeste; Schindler, Suzanne E.; Rhinn, Herve; Johnson, Erik C. B.; Oh, Hamilton Se-Hwee; Rutledge, Jarod Evert; Dammer, Eric B.; Seyfried, Nicholas T.; Wyss-Coray, Tony; Harari, Oscar; Cruchaga, Carlos; Neurology, School of MedicineProteomic studies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are instrumental in identifying AD pathways but often focus on single tissues and sporadic AD cases. Here, we present a proteomic study analyzing 1305 proteins in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma from patients with sporadic AD, TREM2 risk variant carriers, patients with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD), and healthy individuals. We identified 8 brain, 40 CSF, and 9 plasma proteins that were altered in individuals with sporadic AD, and we replicated these findings in several external datasets. We identified a proteomic signature that differentiated TREM2 variant carriers from both individuals with sporadic AD and healthy individuals. The proteins associated with sporadic AD were also altered in patients with ADAD, but with a greater effect size. Brain-derived proteins associated with ADAD were also replicated in additional CSF samples. Enrichment analyses highlighted several pathways, including those implicated in AD (calcineurin and Apo E), Parkinson's disease (α-synuclein and LRRK2), and innate immune responses (SHC1, ERK-1, and SPP1). Our findings suggest that combined proteomics across brain tissue, CSF, and plasma can be used to identify markers for sporadic and genetically defined AD.Item Resting-State Functional Connectivity Disruption as a Pathological Biomarker in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer Disease(Mary Ann Liebert, 2021) Smith, Robert X.; Strain, Jeremy F.; Tanenbaum, Aaron; Fagan, Anne M.; Hassenstab, Jason; McDade, Eric; Schindler, Suzanne E.; Gordon, Brian A.; Xiong, Chengjie; Chhatwal, Jasmeer; Jack, Clifford, Jr.; Karch, Celeste; Berman, Sarah; Brosch, Jared R.; Lah, James J.; Brickman, Adam M.; Cash, David M.; Fox, Nick C.; Graff-Radford, Neill R.; Levin, Johannes; Noble, James; Holtzman, David M.; Masters, Colin L.; Farlow, Martin R.; Laske, Christoph; Schofield, Peter R.; Marcus, Daniel S.; Morris, John C.; Benzinger, Tammie L. S.; Bateman, Randall J.; Ances, Beau M.; Neurology, School of MedicineAim: Identify a global resting-state functional connectivity (gFC) signature in mutation carriers (MC) from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN). Assess the gFC with regard to amyloid (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N) biomarkers, and estimated years to symptom onset (EYO). Introduction: Cross-sectional measures were assessed in MC (n = 171) and mutation noncarrier (NC) (n = 70) participants. A functional connectivity (FC) matrix that encompassed multiple resting-state networks was computed for each participant. Methods: A global FC was compiled as a single index indicating FC strength. The gFC signature was modeled as a nonlinear function of EYO. The gFC was linearly associated with other biomarkers used for assessing the AT(N) framework, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), positron emission tomography (PET) molecular biomarkers, and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The gFC was reduced in MC compared with NC participants. When MC participants were differentiated by clinical dementia rating (CDR), the gFC was significantly decreased in MC CDR >0 (demented) compared with either MC CDR 0 (cognitively normal) or NC participants. The gFC varied nonlinearly with EYO and initially decreased at EYO = −24 years, followed by a stable period followed by a further decline near EYO = 0 years. Irrespective of EYO, a lower gFC associated with values of amyloid PET, CSF Aβ1–42, CSF p-tau, CSF t-tau, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, and hippocampal volume. Conclusions: The gFC correlated with biomarkers used for defining the AT(N) framework. A biphasic change in the gFC suggested early changes associated with CSF amyloid and later changes associated with hippocampal volume.Item The Advisory Group on Risk Evidence Education for Dementia: Multidisciplinary and Open to All(IOS Press, 2022) Rosen, Allyson C.; Arias, Jalayne J.; Ashford, J. Wesson; Blacker, Deborah; Chhatwal, Jasmeer P.; Chin, Nathan A.; Clark, Lindsay; Denny, Sharon S.; Goldman, Jill S.; Gleason, Carey E.; Grill, Joshua D.; Heidebrink, Judith L.; Henderson, Victor W.; Lavacot, James A.; Lingler, Jennifer H.; Menon, Malavika; Nosheny, Rachel L.; Oliveira, Fabricio F.; Parker, Monica W.; Rahman-Filipiak, Annalise; Revoori, Anwita; Rumbaugh, Malia C.; Sanchez, Danurys L.; Schindler, Suzanne E.; Schwarz, Christopher G.; Toy, Leslie; Tyrone, Jamie; Walter, Sarah; Wang, Li-san; Wijsman, Ellen M.; Zallen, Doris T.; Aggarwal, Neelum T.; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineThe brain changes of Alzheimer’s disease and other degenerative dementias begin long before cognitive dysfunction develops, and in people with subtle cognitive complaints, clinicians often struggle to predict who will develop dementia. The public increasingly sees benefits to accessing dementia risk evidence (DRE) such as biomarkers, predictive algorithms, and genetic information, particularly as this information moves from research to demonstrated usefulness in guiding diagnosis and clinical management. For example, the knowledge that one has high levels of amyloid in the brain may lead one to seek amyloid reducing medications, plan for disability, or engage in health promoting behaviors to fight cognitive decline. Researchers often hesitate to share DRE data, either because they are insufficiently validated or reliable for use in individuals, or there are concerns about assuring responsible use and ensuring adequate understanding of potential problems when one’s biomarker status is known. Concerns include warning people receiving DRE about situations in which they might be compelled to disclose their risk status potentially leading to discrimination or stigma. The Advisory Group on Risk Evidence Education for Dementia (AGREEDementia) welcomes all concerned with how best to share and use DRE. Supporting understanding in clinicians, stakeholders, and people with or at risk for dementia and clearly delineating risks, benefits, and gaps in knowledge is vital. This brief overview describes elements that made this group effective as a model for other health conditions where there is interest in unfettered collaboration to discuss diagnostic uncertainty and the appropriate use and communication of health-related risk information.