Browsing by Author "Sarsani, Vishal"

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    Abundance of Secondary Metabolites in Human Microbiome
    Sarsani, Vishal; Kulkarni, Nikhil; Janga, Sarath Chandra
    Human body harbors the most complicated microbial ecosystem. Bacteria that have co-evolved within a human context have barely been explored for secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites are hypothesized to possess biological activities significant within the human host context. In our study, we studied conservation profiles of 203 secondary metabolite gene clusters across 16 human body sites and found that gastrointestinal tract and oral sites show the highest conservation for secondary metabolic gene clusters. We observed that majority of highly conserved metabolites belong to pathway type NRPS. Our phylogenetic analysis of highly conserved stool and oral samples revealed abundance of firmicutes, bacteroidetes and actinobacteria phylum.
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    Evolutionary dynamics of RNA-binding proteins expression levels in mammals
    Badve, Abhijit; Sarsani, Vishal; Neelamraju, Yaseswini; Janga, Sarath Chandra
    RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play important roles in controlling the posttranscriptional fate of RNA molecules, yet their evolutionary dynamics remains largely unknown. As expression profiles of genes encoding for RBPs can yield insights about their evolutionary trajectories on the posttranscriptional regulatory networks across species, we performed a comparative analyses of RBP expression profiles across 8 tissues (brain, cerebellum, heart, lung, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, testis) in 11 mammals (human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, macaque, rat, mouse, platypus, opossum, cow) and chicken & frog (evolutionary outgroups). Noticeably, orthologous gene expression profiles suggest a significantly higher expression level for RBPs than their non-RBP gene counterparts - which include other protein-coding and non-coding genes, across all the mammalian tissues studied here. This trend is significant irrespective of the tissue and species being compared, though RBP gene expression distribution patterns were found to be generally diverse in nature. Our analysis also shows that RBPs are expressed at a significantly lower level in human and mouse tissues compared to their expression levels in equivalent tissues in other mammals chimpanzee, orangutan, rat, etc. which are all likely exposed to diverse natural habitats and ecological settings compared to more stable ecological environment humans and mice might have been exposed, thus reducing the need for complex and extensive post-transcriptional control. Further analysis of the similarity of orthologous RBP expression profiles between all pairs of tissue-mammal combinations clearly showed the grouping of RBP expression profiles across tissues in a given mammal, in contrast to the clustering of expression profiles for non-RBPs, which frequently grouped equivalent tissues across diverse mammalian species together, suggesting a significant evolution of RBPs expression after speciation events. Calculation of species specificity indices (SSis) for RBPs across various tissues, to identify those that exhibited restricted expression to few mammals, revealed that about 30% of the RBPs are species-specific in at least one tissue studied here, with lung, liver, kidney & testis exhibiting a significantly higher proportion of species specifically expressed RBPs. We conducted a differential expression analysis of RBPs in human, mouse and chicken tissues to study the evolution of expression levels in recently evolved species i.e. humans and mice than evolutionarily distant species i.e. chicken. We identified more than 50% of the orthologous RBPs to be differentially expressed in at-least one tissue compared between human and mouse but not so between human and the outgroup i.e. chicken in which RBP expression levels are relatively conserved. Among the studied tissues brain, liver and kidney showed a higher fraction of differentially expressed RBPs, which may suggest hyper regulatory activities by RBPs in these tissues with species evolution. Overall, this study forms a foundation for understanding the evolution of expression levels of RBPs in mammals, facilitating a snapshot of the wiring patterns of post-transcriptional regulatory networks in mammalian genomes.
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    Whole-Genome Sequence of Sungri/96 Vaccine Strain of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus
    (2014-01) Siddappa, Manjunath; Gandham, Ravi Kumar; Sarsani, Vishal; Mishra, Bishnu Prasad; Joshi, C. G.; Sahoo, A. P.; Tiwari, A. K.; Janga, Sarath Chandra
    We report the complete genome sequence of the Sungri/96 vaccine strain of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). The whole-genome nucleotide sequence has 89 to 99% identity with the available PPRV genome sequences in the NCBI database. This study helps to understand the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of the Sungri/96 strain.