Browsing by Author "Saltagi, Mohamad"
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Aerosol generation during cadaveric simulation of otologic surgery and live cochlear implantation(Wiley, 2021-02) Sharma, Dhruv; Campiti, Vincent J.; Ye, Michael J.; Saltagi, Mohamad; Carroll, Aaron E.; Ting, Jonathan Y.; Illing, Elisa A.; Park, Jae Hong; Nelson, Rick F.; Burgin, Sarah J.; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of MedicineObjective The risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission to healthcare workers through airborne aerosolization during otologic surgery has not been characterized. The objective of this study was to describe and quantify the aerosol generation during common otologic procedures in both cadaveric surgical simulation and live patient surgery. Methods The number concentrations of generated aerosols in the particle size range of 0.30 to 10.0 μm were quantified using an optical particle sizer during both a cadaveric simulation of routine otologic procedures as well as cochlear implant surgery on live patients in the operating room. Results In the cadaveric simulation, temporalis fascia graft harvest using cold techniques (without electrocautery) (n = 4) did not generate aerosols above baseline concentrations. Tympanoplasty (n = 3) and mastoidectomy (n = 3) both produced statistically significant increases in concentrations of aerosols (P < 0.05), predominantly submicron particles (< 1.0 μm). High‐speed, powered drilling of the temporal bone during mastoidectomy with a Multi Flute cutting burr resulted in higher peak concentrations and greater number of spikes in aerosols than with a diamond burr. In the operating room, spikes in aerosols occurred during both cochlear implant surgeries. Conclusion In the cadaveric simulation, temporalis fascia graft harvest without electrocautery did not generate aerosol levels above baseline, while significant aerosol levels were generated during mastoidectomy and to a much less degree during tympanoplasty. Aerosol spikes were appreciated during cochlear implantation surgery in live patients.Item Calvarium Thinning in Patients with Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks of the Anterior Skull Base(Wiley, 2021-06) Sharma, Dhruv; Tucker, Brady J.; Millay, David S.; Rubel, Kolin E.; Saltagi, Mohamad; Nelson, Rick F.; Illing, Elisa A.; Ting, Jonathan Y.; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of MedicineObjectives/Hypothesis Patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks (sCSF-L) of the temporal bone have isolated calvarial and skull base thinning that is independent of obesity. This study determines if anterior skull base (ASB) sCSF-L patients also have calvarial thinning. Study Design Retrospective Cohort Study. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of ASB sCSF-L patients compared to nonobese (body mass index [BMI] < 30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30) control groups. Twenty-one patients in the ASB sCSF-L group and 25 patients in each control group were included. Calvarium and extracranial zygoma thicknesses were measured bilaterally with blinded, standardized, volumetric analysis. Results ASB sCSF-L patients had a mean (SD) age of 50.43 (10.19) years, an average (SD) BMI of 38.81 (8.92) kg/m2, and most were female (85.71%). The calvarium in patients with ASB sCSF-L was significantly thinner than the nonobese (2.55 mm [0.77] vs. 2.97 [0.67] mm; P = .006; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.12–0.30; Cohen d, 0.58) and obese control groups (2.55 [0.77] vs. 2.92 [0.76] mm; P = .02; 95% CI, 0.05–0.34; Cohen d, 0.66). The calvarium thickness of the nonobese patients was not significantly different from the obese patient controls (2.97 [0.67] vs. 2.92 [0.76] mm, P = .9). The extracranial zygoma was not significantly different among the groups (analysis of variance, P = .33). Conclusions ASB sCSF-L patients have isolated calvarial thinning that is independent of obesity. Like lateral skull base sCSF-L patients, these data suggest that the additional obesity-associated intracranial process contributes to skull thinning.Item CHRONIC TRANSPLANT REJECTION: PROBLEMS, DISCOVERIES, SOLUTIONS(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Aulds-Stier, Mitchell; Su, Eric; Saltagi, Mohamad; Khan, Karim; Ward, Richard; Johnson, RaymondOrgan transplantation has become an increasingly important remedy in helping extend the lives of patients with organ failures or deficien-cies. Although the survival rates of organ recipients have dramatically increased in the short term (1-5 years), long-term (5+ years) survival rates have not improved significantly. Additionally, increasingly un-healthy lifestyles have contributed to a dramatic increase in the need for organ transplants, while organ supply has only slightly increased, resulting in a constantly increasing gap between organ demand and organ supply. Dr. Raymond Johnson, an IU Health Physician, discov-ered a new T cell subset that is resistant to medications routinely used to prevent transplant rejection. This discovery is important because it can be used to develop mechanism-specific diagnostic blood tests for chronic rejection and, potentially, new drugs to treat chronic trans-plant rejection. However, innovations developed in faculty labs often face multiple hurdles in reaching the market place. As participants in the Innovation-to-Technology Central (ITEC) program, our unique multidisciplinary team of students investigated Dr. Raymond Johnson’s discovery by conducting literature research and expert interviews on organ transplantation and rejection and pharmaceutical drugs used in preventing acute transplant rejection. Through our research and our interviews, we were able to further document the dire need for meth-ods for increasing survival rates of transplanted organs. Most im-portantly, we have conducted preliminary market research and devel-oped several commercialization strategy recommendations based on comparable innovation analysis and precedent biotechnology start-up strategies. We anticipate that our research will provide Dr. Johnson with new information and perspectives to help seek venture capitalists to invest in his research, which holds the promise to change the lives of thousands of transplant recipients each year. Funding provided by IUPUI’s Innovation-to-Enterprise Central (ITEC).Item Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Leaks: A Prospective Cohort Study(Wolters Kluwer, 2018-07) Rabbani, Cyrus; Saltagi, Mohamad; Manchanda, Shalini; Yates, Charles; Nelson, Rick; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of MedicineObjective: To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a prospective cohort of patients with spontaneous CSF (sCSF) leaks of the temporal bone. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Consecutive sCSF leak patients (21) over a 3-year period. Four patients presented with a history of OSA and 17 patients were prospectively offered polysomnogram (PSG) testing during the initial clinic encounter. Intervention: Level I PSG. Main Outcome Measures: Patient characteristics (age, sex, body mass index), apnea hypopnea index (AHI), presence of snoring, and presence of hypoxia (oxygen saturation <88% for >5 min). OSA was defined as mild (AHI ≥5 and <15/h), moderate (AHI ≥15 and <30/h), and severe (AHI ≥30/h). Results: The prevalence of OSA in sCSF leak patients is 83.3%. PSG studies were performed on 18 of the 21 patients. There were 15 women and 6 men with an average age (standard deviation) of 56.3 (11.2) years and an average body mass index of 35.3 (7.7) kg/m2. Objectively, the AHI ranged from mild to severe (range = 5.7–92, median = 19.8). Snoring was present in 61% of patients and hypoxia was present in 39% of patients. sCSF leak patients with OSA were significantly older than sCSF leak patients without OSA (56.7 [8.3] versus 42.7 [14.5] yr, p = 0.03). Conclusions: OSA is highly prevalent among patients with sCSF leaks. All patients with sCSF leaks should undergo formal PSG testing. Future studies are needed to determine the role of OSA in the development of sCSF leaks.