Browsing by Author "Rudolph, James L."

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    Concordance between DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria for delirium diagnosis in a pooled database of 768 prospectively evaluated patients using the delirium rating scale-revised-98
    (BioMed Central, 2014-09-30) Meagher, David J.; Morandi, Alessandro; Inouye, Sharon K.; Ely, Wes; Adamis, Dimitrios; Maclullich, Alasdair J.; Rudolph, James L.; Neufeld, Karin; Leonard, Maeve; Bellelli, Giuseppe; Davis, Daniel; Teodorczuk, Andrew; Kreisel, Stefan; Thomas, Christine; Hasemann, Wolfgang; Timmons, Suzanne; O’Regan, Niamh; Grover, Sandeep; Jabbar, Faiza; Cullen, Walter; Dunne, Colum; Kamholz, Barbara; Van Munster, Barbara C.; De Rooij, Sophia E.; De Jonghe, Jos; Trzepacz, Paula T.; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Background The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fifth edition (DSM-5) provides new criteria for delirium diagnosis. We examined delirium diagnosis using these new criteria compared with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual fourth edition (DSM-IV) in a large dataset of patients assessed for delirium and related presentations. Methods Patient data (n = 768) from six prospectively collected cohorts, clinically assessed using DSM-IV and the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS-R98), were pooled. Post hoc application of DRS-R98 item scores were used to rate DSM-5 criteria. ‘Strict’ and ‘relaxed’ DSM-5 criteria to ascertain delirium were compared to rates determined by DSM-IV. Results Using DSM-IV by clinical assessment, delirium was found in 510/768 patients (66%). Strict DSM-5 criteria categorized 158 as delirious including 155 (30%) with DSM-IV delirium, whereas relaxed DSM-5 criteria identified 466 as delirious, including 455 (89%) diagnosed by DSM-IV (P <0.001). The concordance between the different diagnostic methods was: 53% (ĸ = 0.22) between DSM-IV and the strict DSM-5, 91% (ĸ = 0.82) between the DSM-IV and relaxed DSM-5 criteria and 60% (ĸ = 0.29) between the strict versus relaxed DSM-5 criteria. Only 155 cases were identified as delirium by all three approaches. The 55 (11%) patients with DSM-IV delirium who were not rated as delirious by relaxed criteria had lower mean DRS-R98 total scores than those rated as delirious (13.7 ± 3.9 versus 23.7 ± 6.0; P <0.001). Conversely, mean DRS-R98 score (21.1 ± 6.4) for the 70% not rated as delirious by strict DSM-5 criteria was consistent with suggested cutoff scores for full syndromal delirium. Only 11 cases met DSM-5 criteria that were not deemed to have DSM-IV delirium. Conclusions The concordance between DSM-IV and the new DSM-5 delirium criteria varies considerably depending on the interpretation of criteria. Overly-strict adherence for some new text details in DSM-5 criteria would reduce the number of delirium cases diagnosed; however, a more ‘relaxed’ approach renders DSM-5 criteria comparable to DSM-IV with minimal impact on their actual application and is thus recommended.
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    Determinants of inter-organizational implementation success: A mixed-methods evaluation of Veteran Directed Care
    (Elsevier, 2022) Sperber, Nina R.; Miech, Edward J.; Clary, Alecia Slade; Perry, Kathleen; Edwards-Orr, Merle; Rudolph, James L.; Van Houtven, Courtney Harold; Thomas, Kali S.; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Veteran Directed Care (VDC) aims to keep Veterans at risk for nursing home placement in their communities. VA medical centers (VAMCs) purchase VDC from third-party organizational providers who then partner with them during implementation. Experiences with VDC implementation have varied. Objectives: We sought to identify conditions differentiating partnerships with higher enrollment (implementation success). Methods: We conducted a case-based study with: qualitative data on implementation determinants two and eight months after program start, directed content analysis to assign numerical scores (-2 strong barrier to +2 strong facilitator), and mathematical modeling using Coincidence Analysis (CNA) to identify key determinants of implementation success. Cases consisted of VAMCs and partnering non-VAMC organizations who started VDC during 2017 or 2018. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided analysis. Results: Eleven individual organizations within five partnerships constituted our sample. Two CFIR determinants- Networks & Communication and External Change Agent-uniquely and consistently identified implementation success. At an inter-organizational partnership level, Networks & Communications and External Change Agent +2 (i.e., present as strong facilitators) were both necessary and sufficient. At a within-organization level, Networks & Communication +2 was necessary but not sufficient for the non-VAMC providers, whereas External Change Agent +2 was necessary and sufficient for VAMCs. Conclusion: Networks & Communication and External Change Agent played difference-making roles in inter-organizational implementation success, which differ by type of organization and level of analysis. Implications: This multi-level approach identified crucial difference-making conditions for inter-organizational implementation success when putting a program into practice requires partnerships across multiple organizations.
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    Variation in statin prescription among veterans with HIV and known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
    (Elsevier, 2022) Erqou, Sebhat; Papaila, Alexa; Halladay, Christopher; Ge, Augustus; Liu, Michael A.; Jiang, Lan; Lally, Michelle; Menon, Anupama; Shah, Nishant R.; Miech, Edward; Virani, Salim S.; Zullo, Andrew R.; Shireman, Theresa I.; Longenecker, Christopher T.; Ross, David; Sullivan, Jennifer L.; Wu, Wen-Chih; Rudolph, James L.; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: People with HIV have increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, worse outcomes following incident ASCVD, and experience gaps in cardiovascular care, highlighting the need to improve delivery of preventive therapies in this population. Objective: Assess patient-level correlates and inter-facility variations in statin prescription among Veterans with HIV and known ASCVD. Methods: We studied Veterans with HIV and existing ASCVD, ie, coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), who received care across 130 VA medical centers for the years 2018-2019. We assessed correlates of statin prescription using two-level hierarchical multivariable logistic regression. Median odds ratios (MORs) were used to quantify inter-facility variation in statin prescription. Results: Nine thousand six hundred eight Veterans with HIV and known ASCVD (mean age 64.3 ± 8.9 years, 97% male, 48% Black) were included. Only 68% of the participants were prescribed any-statin. Substantially higher statin prescription was observed for those with diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-2.6), history of coronary revascularization (OR = 4.0, CI, 3.2-5.0), and receiving antiretroviral therapy (OR = 3.0, CI, 2.7-3.4). Blacks (OR = 0.7, CI, 0.6-0.9), those with non-coronary ASCVD, ie, ICVD and/or PAD only, (OR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.48-0.57), and those with history of illicit substance use (OR=0.7, CI, 0.6-0.9) were less likely to be prescribed statins. There was significant variation in statin prescription across VA facilities (10th, 90th centile: 55%, 78%), with an estimated 20% higher likelihood of difference in statin prescription practice for two clinically similar individuals treated at two comparable facilities (adjusted MOR = 1.21, CI, 1.18-1.24), and a greater variation observed for Blacks or those with non-coronary ASCVD or history of illicit drug use. Conclusion: In an analysis of large-scale VA data, we found suboptimal statin prescription and significant interfacility variation in statin prescription among Veterans with HIV and known ASCVD, particularly among Blacks and those with a history of non-coronary ASCVD.