Browsing by Author "Rubin, Richard R."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Antidepressant Medicine Use and Risk of Developing Diabetes During the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
    (2010-12) Rubin, Richard R.; Ma, Yong; Peyrot, Mark; Marrero, David G.; Price, David W.; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Knowler, William C.; for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
    OBJECTIVE To assess the association between antidepressant medicine use and risk of developing diabetes during the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS DPP/DPPOS participants were assessed for diabetes every 6 months and for antidepressant use every 3 months in DPP and every 6 months in DPPOS for a median 10.0-year follow-up. RESULTS Controlled for factors associated with diabetes risk, continuous antidepressant use compared with no use was associated with diabetes risk in the placebo (adjusted hazard ratio 2.34 [95% CI 1.32–4.15]) and lifestyle (2.48 [1.45–4.22]) arms, but not in the metformin arm (0.55 [0.25–1.19]). CONCLUSIONS Continuous antidepressant use was significantly associated with diabetes risk in the placebo and lifestyle arms. Measured confounders and mediators did not account for this association, which could represent a drug effect or reflect differences not assessed in this study between antidepressant users and nonusers.
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    Depression as a Predictor of Weight Regain Among Successful Weight Losers in the Diabetes Prevention Program
    (2013-02) Price, David W.; Ma, Yong; Rubin, Richard R.; Perreault, Leigh; Bray, George A.; Marrero, David G.; Knowler, William C.; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; LaCoursiere, D. Yvette
    OBJECTIVE: To determine whether depression symptoms or antidepressant medication use predicts weight regain in overweight individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) who are successful with initial weight loss. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 1,442 participants who successfully lost at least 3% of their baseline body weight after 12 months of participation in the randomized controlled Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) continued in their assigned treatment group (metformin, intensive lifestyle, or placebo) and were followed into the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcome Study (DPPOS). Weight regain was defined as a return to baseline DPP body weight. Participant weight and antidepressant medication use were assessed every 6 months. Depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] score ≥11) were assessed every 12 months. RESULTS: Only 2.7% of the overall cohort had moderate to severe depression symptoms at baseline; most of the participants with BDI score ≥11 had only mild symptoms during the period of observation. In unadjusted analyses, both depression symptoms (hazard ratio 1.31 [95% CI 1.03-1.67], P = 0.03) and antidepressant medication use at either the previous visit (1.72 [1.37-2.15], P < 0.0001) or cumulatively as percent of visits (1.005 [1.002-1.008], P = 0.0003) were predictors of subsequent weight regain. After adjustment for multiple covariates, antidepressant use remained a significant predictor of weight regain (P < 0.0001 for the previous study visit; P = 0.0005 for the cumulative measure), while depression symptoms did not. CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with IGT who do not have severe depression and who initially lose weight, antidepressant use may increase the risk of weight regain.
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    Depression Symptoms and Antidepressant Medicine Use in Diabetes Prevention Program Participants
    (2005-04) Rubin, Richard R.; Knowler, William C.; Ma, Yong; Marrero, David G.; Edelstein, Sharon L.; Walker, Elizabeth A.; Garfield, Sanford A.; Fisher, Edwin B.; The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
    OBJECTIVE: To assess depression markers (symptoms and antidepressant medicine use) in Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participants and to determine whether changes in depression markers during the course of the study were associated with treatment arm, weight change, physical activity level, or participant demographic characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: DPP participants (n = 3,187) in three treatment arms (intensive lifestyle, metformin, and placebo) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and reported on use of antidepressant medicines at randomization and subsequently at each annual visit (average duration in study 3.2 years). RESULTS: On study entry, 10.3% of participants had BDI scores > or =11, which was used as a threshold for mild depression, 5.7% took antidepressant medicines, and 0.9% had both depression markers. During the DPP, the proportion of participants with elevated BDI scores declined (from 10.3% at baseline to 8.4% at year 3), while the proportion taking antidepressant medicines increased (from 5.7% at baseline to 8.7% at year 3), leaving the proportion with either marker unchanged. These time trends were not significantly associated with the DPP treatment arm. Depression markers throughout the study were associated with some participant demographic factors, adjusted for other factors. Men were less likely to have elevated depression scores and less likely to use antidepressant medicine at baseline (9.0% of men and 17.9% of women had at least one marker of depression) and throughout the study (P <0.0001). Those with more education were less likely to have elevated symptom scores (P = 0.0007) but more likely to be taking antidepressant medicine (P = 0.002). Non-Hispanic white participants were less likely than African Americans to have BDI scores > or =11 (P = 0.03), but white participants were more likely to be taking antidepressant medicine than any other racial/ethnic group (P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: DPP participation was not associated with changes in levels of depression. Countervailing trends in the proportion of DPP participants with elevated depression symptoms and the proportion taking antidepressant medicine resulted in no significant change in the proportion with either marker. The finding that those taking antidepressant medicine often do not have elevated depression symptoms indicates the value of assessing both markers when estimating overall depression rates.
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    Elevated Depression Symptoms, Antidepressant Medicine Use, and Risk of Developing Diabetes During the Diabetes Prevention Program
    (2008-03) Rubin, Richard R.; Ma, Yong; Marrero, David G.; Peyrot, Mark; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth L.; Kahn, Steven E.; Haffner, Steven M.; Price, David W.; Knowler, William C.
    OBJECTIVE—To assess the association between elevated depression symptoms or antidepressant medicine use on entry to the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and during the study and the risk of developing diabetes during the study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—DPP participants (n = 3,187) in three treatment arms (intensive lifestyle [ILS], metformin [MET], and placebo [PLB]) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and reported their use of antidepressant medication at randomization and throughout the study (average duration in study 3.2 years). RESULTS—When other factors associated with the risk of developing diabetes were controlled, elevated BDI scores at baseline or during the study were not associated with diabetes risk in any arm. Baseline antidepressant use was associated with diabetes risk in the PLB (hazard ratio 2.25 [95% CI 1.38–3.66]) and ILS (3.48 [1.93–6.28]) arms. Continuous antidepressant use during the study (compared with no use) was also associated with diabetes risk in the same arms (PLB 2.60 [1.37–4.94]; ILS 3.39 [1.61–7.13]), as was intermittent antidepressant use during the study in the ILS arm (2.07 [1.18–3.62]). Among MET arm participants, antidepressant use was not associated with developing diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—A strong and statistically significant association between antidepressant use and diabetes risk in the PLB and ILS arms was not accounted for by measured confounders or mediators. If future research finds that antidepressant use independently predicts diabetes risk, efforts to minimize the negative effects of antidepressant agents on glycemic control should be pursued.