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Browsing by Author "Rogers, Sarah K."
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Item Comparing Dysmenorrhea Beliefs and Self-Management Techniques Across Symptom-Based Phenotypes(Wiley, 2021) Rogers, Sarah K.; Rand, Kevin L.; Chen, Chen X.; Psychology, School of ScienceObjectives: To compare beliefs about dysmenorrhea and self-management techniques across three dysmenorrhea symptom-based phenotypes. Background: Many reproductive-age women experience dysmenorrhea, with varying symptoms and intensity. Dysmenorrhea symptom-based phenotypes have been identified in previous research, defining distinctive phenotypes of mild localised pain, severe localised pain, and multiple severe symptoms. It is unknown if women from different phenotypes hold different beliefs about dysmenorrhea or if they engage in different self-management techniques. Design: Quantitative secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data. Methods: This online study surveyed 762 women with dysmenorrhea in the United States. Participants reported their dysmenorrhea symptom intensity, beliefs about dysmenorrhea (i.e. beliefs about consequences, timeline, controllability, symptom severity, normalcy, emotional response to symptoms and treatments) and self-management techniques to prevent or treat symptoms. Beliefs regarding dysmenorrhea and types of self-management techniques used were compared across three phenotypes utilising ANOVA tests and Tukey's HSD for pairwise comparisons. Reporting followed the STROBE guidelines. Results: Women with multiple severe symptoms had significantly more negative beliefs regarding dysmenorrhea and utilised significantly more self-management techniques than women with severe localised pain and women with mild localised pain. Women with severe localised pain had significantly more negative beliefs regarding dysmenorrhea and utilised significantly more self-management techniques than women with mild localised pain. Negative beliefs regarding dysmenorrhea included: consequences of dysmenorrhea, timeline of symptoms, personal and treatment control, symptom severity, normalcy of symptoms, emotional response to symptoms and willingness to utilise complementary medicine. Conclusion: Results further support the distinction between dysmenorrhea symptom-based phenotypes. Not only do women in different phenotypes experience different severity and number of dysmenorrhea symptoms, they also perceive and manage their dysmenorrhea differently. Relevance to clinical practice: These findings have implications for tailoring interventions to different dysmenorrhea symptom-based phenotypes.Item The Role of Trait and Specific Expectations in the Dysmenorrhea Experience(2024-08-13) Rogers, Sarah K.; Rand, Kevin L.; Mosher, Catherine E.; Stewart, Jesse C.; Chen, Chen X.Dysmenorrhea is the most common pain condition in reproductive-aged women and is characterized by pain during menstruation. Dysmenorrhea has far-reaching effects, such as increased psychological distress, increased relationship problems, reduced physical activity, and decreased sleep efficiency. It is the leading cause of absenteeism in this population. Though dysmenorrhea impacts many women and has such far-reaching effects, it has not been studied as extensively as other pain conditions, specifically regarding trait expectations and specific expectations. In other pain conditions, hope and optimism, the two most studied trait expectations, are protective factors for pain severity, interference, and the psychological effects of pain. Trait expectations additionally predict specific expectations, with hope predicting specific expectations related to the self, and optimism predicting specific expectations related to experiences. Both self- and experience-expectations predict outcomes, such as pain severity and pain tolerance. The current study sought to 1) examine the factor structure of specific expectations for dysmenorrhea; 2) examine the roles of trait and specific expectations in predicting dysmenorrhea; and 3) examine the roles of trait expectations and dysmenorrhea in predicting psychological adjustment. A longitudinal study of 389 menstruating women, over the age of 18, who could read and write English was conducted through CloudResearch. Confirmatory factor analysis and mixed latent- and measured-variable path analysis were used. Results indicated two distinct factors of specific expectations, pain-expectation and self- expectation. Hope predicted self-expectation, which predicted dysmenorrhea interference. Pain- expectation predicted dysmenorrhea severity and interference. Additionally, both hope and optimism predicted psychological adjustment. Dysmenorrhea interference predicted psychological distress. However, trait expectations did not predict dysmenorrhea. This study is the first to examine the associations among trait expectations, specific expectations, and dysmenorrhea and expands on the differences between dysmenorrhea and other pain conditions.