Browsing by Author "Rawl, Susan"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Beyond Traditional Newspaper Advertisement: Leveraging Facebook-Targeted Advertisement to Recruit Long-Term Smokers for Research
    (JMIR Publications, 2016) Carter-Harris, Lisa; Bartlett Ellis, Rebecca J.; Warrick, Adam; Rawl, Susan; IU School of Nursing
    BACKGROUND: Smokers are a stigmatized population, but an important population to reach for the purpose of research. Therefore, innovative recruitment methods are needed that are both cost-effective and efficacious in recruiting this population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present article was to evaluate the feasibility of Facebook-targeted advertisement to recruit long-term smokers eligible for lung cancer screening for a descriptive, cross-sectional survey. METHODS: A social media recruitment campaign was launched using Facebook-targeted advertisement to target age and keywords related to tobacco smoking in the Facebook users profile, interests, and likes. A 3-day newspaper advertisement recruitment campaign was used as a comparison. The study that used both recruitment methods aimed to test the psychometric properties of 4 newly developed lung cancer screening health belief scales. Data were collected via cross-sectional survey methodology using an Web-based survey platform. RESULTS: The Facebook-targeted advertisements were viewed 56,621 times over an 18-day campaign in 2015 in the United States. The advertisement campaign yielded 1121 unique clicks to the Web-based survey platform at a cost of $1.51 per completed survey. Of those who clicked through to the study survey platform, 423 (37.7%) consented to participate; 92 (8.2%) dropped out during completion of the survey yielding a final study pool of 331 completed surveys. Recruitment by newspaper advertisement yielded a total of 30 participants in response to a 3-day advertisement campaign; recruitment efficacy resulted in 10 participants/day at $40.80 per completed survey. Participants represented current (n=182; 51%) and former smokers (n=178; 49%) with a mean age of 63.4 years (SD 6.0). Cost of the advertisement campaign was $500 total for the 18-day campaign. CONCLUSIONS: Recruitment by Facebook was more efficacious and cost-effective compared with newspaper advertisement. Facebook offers a new venue for recruitment into research studies that offer the potential for wider reach at a lower cost while providing privacy and flexibility for potential study participants. The study's findings extend recent work of other researchers who have demonstrated Facebook's utility with younger smokers, and Facebook is an effective tool to recruit older smokers. Furthermore, Facebook is a cost-effective alternative to traditional newspaper advertisement offering a new, affordable venue to recruit large numbers of older smokers efficiently.
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    Increasing breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening among rural women: Baseline characteristics of a randomized control trial
    (Elsevier, 2022-12) Biederman, Erika; Baltic, Ryan; Katz, Mira L.; Rawl, Susan; Vachon, Eric; Monahan, Patrick O.; Stump, Timothy E.; Kettler, Carla; Carter, Lisa; Young, Gregory; Xu, Wendy; Paskett, Electra D.; Champion, Victoria; Biostatistics, School of Public Health
    Background Rural women suffer disproportionately from breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer mortality compared to those in urban areas. Screening behaviors for these three cancers share many similar beliefs and barriers. Unfortunately, published interventions have not attempted to simultaneously bring women up to date with screening for three cancers (breast, cervical, and colorectal) even though multiple behavior change interventions are effective. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to compare the effectiveness of a mailed interactive and tailored DVD vs. DVD plus telephonic patient navigation (DVD + PN) vs. Usual Care (UC) to increase the percentage of rural women (aged 50–74) up to date for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. Methods Nine hundred eighty-three participants needing one, two, or three cancer screening tests were consented and randomized to one of three groups. Prior to randomization, women were assessed for baseline characteristics including sociodemographics, health status, and cancer screening test beliefs. Screening status was assessed by medical record review. Results At baseline, the average age of participants was 58.6 years. Nineteen percent of the sample was not up to date with screenings for all three cancers. Colorectal cancer had the highest percentage of women (69%) who were not up to date with screening followed by cervical (57%) and then breast cancer (41%). Sixty percent of women reported receiving a reminder for mammography; 30%, for cervical cancer screening; 15% for colonoscopy; and 6% for FOBT/FIT. Discussion Increasing adherence to colorectal cancer screening may be the most urgent need among all screening tests.
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    The multidimensional kidney transplant self-management scale : development and psychometric testing
    (2018-04-03) Chung, Shu-Yu; Hacker, Eileen; Jones, Josette; Ellis, Rebecca Bartlett; Rawl, Susan; Bakas, Tamilyn
    Poor long-term kidney transplant outcomes are a significant problem in the U.S. Interventions must focus on preserving allograft function by managing modifiable risk factors. An instrument capable of identifying problems with post-kidney transplant self-management behaviors may enable the design and testing of self-management interventions. This study’s purpose was to test the psychometric properties of the new Kidney Transplant Self-Management Scale (KT–SM). The Zimmerman framework adapted for kidney transplant self-management guided the cross-sectional study. A total of 153 kidney recipients recruited from Facebook® completed the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (SEMCD), Patient Activation Measure (PAM), Kidney Transplant Questionnaire (KTQ), and KT–SM Scale instruments via a REDCap® survey. Most participants were female (65%), White (81.7%), and middle-aged (M = 46.7; SD = 12.4 years) with a history of dialysis (73%) and received a kidney transplant an average of 6.58 years previous (SD = 6.7). Exploratory factor analysis results supported the 16-item KT–SM Scale as a multidimensional scale with five domains with loadings ranging between .39 and .89: medication adherence, protecting kidney, cardiovascular risk reduction, ownership, and skin cancer prevention. Internal consistency reliability for the total scale (Cronbach’s α = .84) and five domains ranged from .71 to .83. The total and domains were positively correlated, ranging from r = .51 to .76, p = .01. Criterion-related validity was evidenced by significant correlations of KT–SM and domains with SEMCD (r =.22 to .53, p = .01), PAM (r = .31 to .52, p = .01), and the overall KTQ (r = .20 to .32, p = .01) except for one KT–SM domain: protecting kidney. Construct validity was evaluated using multivariate regression analysis. The linear combination of age, patient activation, and self-efficacy explained 45% of the variance in KT–SM behaviors; 47% of the variance in KTQ (measuring quality of life) was predicted by age, comorbidity, and self-efficacy. These findings provide beginning evidence of reliability and validity for the newly developed KT–SM scale. Instruments like this may provide a means to capture the self-management behaviors of the kidney transplant population, which is critical for future work on interventions.
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    Neighborhood poverty is associated with failure to be waitlisted and death during liver transplantation evaluation
    (Wiley, 2022-09) Mohamed, Kawthar A.; Ghabril, Marwan; Desai, Archita; Orman, Eric; Patidar, Kavish R.; Holden, John; Rawl, Susan; Chalasani, Naga; Kubal, Chandra Shekhar; Nephew, Lauren D.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Liver transplantation (LT) is the final step in a complex care cascade. Little is known about how race, gender, rural versus urban residence, or neighborhood socioeconomic indicators impact a patient's likelihood of LT waitlisting or risk of death during LT evaluation. We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults referred for LT to the Indiana University Academic Medical Center from 2011 to 2018. Neighborhood socioeconomic status indicators were obtained by linking patients' addresses to their census tract defined in the 2017 American Community Survey. Descriptive statistics were used to describe completion of steps in the LT evaluation cascade. Multivariable analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with waitlisting and death during LT evaluation. There were 3454 patients referred for LT during the study period; 25.3% of those referred were waitlisted for LT. There was no difference seen in the proportion of patients from vulnerable populations who progressed to the steps of financial approval or evaluation start. There were differences in waitlisting by insurance type (22.6% of Medicaid vs. 34.3% of those who were privately insured; p < 0.01) and neighborhood poverty (quartile 1 29.6% vs. quartile 4 20.4%; p < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, neighborhood poverty was independently associated with waitlisting (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.82) and death during LT evaluation (hazard ratio 1.49, 95% CI 1.09–2.09). Patients from high-poverty neighborhoods are at risk of failing to be waitlisted and death during LT evaluation.
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    Nursing students' experiences and responses to faculty incivility: a grounded theory approach
    (2016-08-26) Holtz, Heidi Kathleen; Rawl, Susan; Draucker, Claire Burke; McNelis, Angela M.; Ironside, Pamela M.
    In nursing education, faculty incivility toward students is a serious issue that affects the quality of nursing programs and is a precursor to incivility in the nursing workforce. Recent studies demonstrate that more nursing faculty members than previously thought engage in uncivil behaviors toward students. Faculty incivility can be distressing to nursing students and negatively impact learning environments, student learning, and perhaps patient outcomes. Little is known, however, about how students perceive experiences of faculty incivility and how these experiences unfold. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to develop a theoretical framework that describes how incidents of faculty incivility toward traditional Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students unfold. Thirty traditional BSN students from the National Student Nurses Association who had experienced faculty incivility participated in a semi-structured interview. Analysis of the participants’ narratives was done in two phases. In Study Part 1, content analytic procedures were used to develop a typology that describes six types of faculty incivility that were labeled as follows: judging or labeling students, impeding student progress, picking on students, putting students on the spot, withholding instruction, and forcing students into no-win situations. In Study Part 2, constant comparison analysis was conducted. Segments of data were coded, similar codes were grouped into categories, the dimensions of the categories were determined, and the categories were organized into the final framework. The framework depicts a three-stage process with a focus on strategies students use to manage faculty incivility. The strategies were labelled as followed: seeking help from other professors, commiserating with peers, going up “the chain of command,” keeping one’s “head down,” getting professional help, and giving oneself a “pep-talk.” The findings provide a foundation for the development of programs to reduce faculty incivility in BSN programs and to help students manage it when it occurs.
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    Symptom Clusters and Self-Management in Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    (2024-07) Malloy, Caeli Louise; Miller, Wendy Trueblood; Rawl, Susan; Kroenke, Kurt; Monahan, Patrick; Steiner, Steven
    Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a range of chronic conditions, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, that cause intestinal inflammation and wide-ranging, debilitating symptoms. Adolescents and young adults represent the peak age group diagnosed with IBD. For individuals with IBD, engaging in effective disease self-management and symptom management is crucial to supporting quality of life. However, youth are often ill-equipped to handle the challenges of managing a chronic condition in the context of the typical developmental challenges of adolescence and young adulthood. This dissertation explored self-management challenges and symptoms in adolescents and young adults with IBD. First, an integrative review of the literature on symptom clusters in individuals with IBD was conducted. Results revealed that symptom clusters remain an understudied phenomenon in IBD research, illuminating a gap in current understanding of the symptom experience of individuals with IBD. Second, the self-management challenges of adolescents with IBD were explored in a thematic analysis of 83 posts made in an online IBD support community. Six emerging themes about self-management challenges were identified: Desire for Normalcy; Dietary Changes; Education and Career; Healthcare System; Relationships with Others; and Symptoms and Complications. Results underscored the ways in which IBD self-management challenges permeate every aspect of life for adolescents living with the condition. Finally, a cross-sectional survey of symptoms and self-management was conducted in 105 adolescents 13-17 years old with IBD. Through latent class analysis, three symptom cluster profiles were identified: a high symptom burden profile, a low symptom burden profile, and a low energy profile. Regression analysis revealed significant demographic and self-management predictors of symptom profile membership. The results of these studies will guide future research to develop and test theoretically grounded, tailored self-management interventions aimed at promoting effective symptom management and enhancing quality of life in adolescents with IBD.