Browsing by Author "Rathi, Neeraj"

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    Dynamic thermal/acoustic response for human bone materials at different energy levels: A diagnosis approach
    (Elsevier, 2016-10-31) Thella, Ashok Kumar; Rizkalla, James; Rathi, Neeraj; Kakani, Monika; Helmy, Ahdy; Salama, Paul; Rizkalla, Maher E.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology
    Background The non-invasive diagnostic approaches have gained high attention in recent years, utilizing high technology sensor systems, including infrared, microwave devices, acoustic transducers, etc. The patient safety, high resolution images, and reliability are among the driving forces toward high technology approaches. The thermal and acoustic responses of the materials may reflect the important research parameters such as penetration depth, power consumption, and temperature change used for the practical models of the system. This paper emphasizes the approach for orthopedic application where the bone densities were considered in simulation to designate the type of human bones. Methods Thermal energy pulses were applied in order to study the penetration depth, the maximum temperature change; spatially and dynamically, and the acoustic pressure distribution over the bone thickness. The study was performed to optimize the amount of energy introduced into the materials that generate the temperature value for high resolution beyond the noise level. Results Three different energy pulses were used; 1 J, 3 J and 5 J. The thermal energy applied to the four bone materials, cancellous bone, cortical bone, red bone marrow, and yellow bone marrow were producing relative changes in temperature. The maximum change ranges from 0.5 K to 2 K for the applied pulses. The acoustic pressure also ranges from 210 to 220 dB among the various types of bones. Conclusion The results obtained from simulation suggest that a practical model utilizing infra-red scanning probe and piezoelectric devices may serve for the orthopedic diagnostic approach. The simulations for multiple layers such as skin interfaced with bone will be reserved for future considerations.
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    Portable and Low Power Efficient Pre-Fall Detection Methodology
    (IEEE, 2018-08) Rathi, Neeraj; Kakani, Monika; Rizkalla, Maher; El-Sharkawy, Mohamed; Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology
    Fall in recent years have become a potential threat to elder generation. It occurs because of side effects of medication, lack of physical activities, limited vision, and poor mobility. Looking at the problems faced by people and cost of treatment after falling, it is of high importance to develop a system that will help in detecting the fall before it occurs. Over the years, this has influenced researchers to pursue the development to automatic fall detection system. However, much of existing work achieved a hardware system to detect pre and post fall patterns, the existing systems deficient in achieving low power consumption, user-friendly hardware implementation and high precision on a single portable system. This research points towards the development of dependable and low power embedded system device with easy to wear capabilities and optimal sensor structure. The designed system is triggered on interrupts from motion sensor to monitor users balanced, and unbalanced states. The fall decision parameters; pitch, roll, Signal Vector Magnitude (SVM), and Signal Magnitude Area (SMA) are layered to classify subject's different body posture. When the fall flag is set, the device sends important information like GPS location and fall type to caretaker. Early fall detection gives milliseconds of time to initiates the preventive measures. Near 100% sensitivity, 96% accuracy, and 95% specificity for fall detection were measured. The system can detect Front, Back, Side and Stair fall with consumption of 100uA (650uA with BLE consumption) in deep sleep mode, 6.5mA in active mode with no fall, and 14.5mA, of which 8.5 mA is consumed via the BLE when fall is declared in active mode.