Browsing by Author "Progar, Victor"

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    Effect of Age on Diabetogenicity of Alloxan in Ossabaw Miniature Swine
    (American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 2019-04-01) Badin, Jill K.; Progar, Victor; Pareddy, Anisha; Cagle, Jordan; Alloosh, Mouhamad; Sturek, Michael; Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine
    According to a single study in dogs that was conducted in 1949, the diabetic effects of the β-cell toxin alloxan are dependent on age. The current study examined whether this age-dependence of alloxan is present in the clinically relevant Ossabaw miniature swine (Sus scrofa domestica) model of metabolic syndrome. Juvenile swine (n = 8; age, 4.3 ± 0.2 mo) and adult swine (n = 8; age, 7.4 ± 0.2 mo) received alloxan (average dosage, 140 mg/kg IV) and were placed on a hypercaloric, atherogenic diet for 6 mo. The metabolic syndrome profile was confirmed by measuring body weight, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Intravenous glucose tolerance testing was used to assess glucose clearance and peripheral plasma insulin levels. The β-cell mass was calculated by immunohistochemical staining of pancreatic tissue. Although juvenile and adult swine exhibited comparable severity of metabolic syndrome, adult swine developed impaired glucose clearance and elevated fasting blood glucose levels at 6 mo after alloxan administration on the atherogenic diet. Peripheral plasma insulin levels in juvenile and adult swine were comparable at all time points and lower than in nonalloxan-treated age-matched controls, which is reflected in the lower pancreatic β-cell mass of the 2 treated groups. However, compared with adult pigs, juvenile swine exhibited greater insulin response recovery (complete or partial restoration of peripheral insulin levels to reference values) at 6 mo after alloxan administration. Overall, these results indicate that youth can confer some protection against the diabetogenic effects of alloxan in swine, potentially due in part to the greater insulin response recovery of young pigs. This study supports previous research that the effects of alloxan are dependent on the developmental maturity of the animal.
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    Targeted Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Abdominal Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Case Series
    (Springer Nature, 2024-03-30) Cooper, Guy P., Jr.; Progar, Victor; Grott, Kelly; Patel, Feenalie; Mon, Jackie; Bick, Benjamin; Kelly, Timothy D.; Darabad, Raheleh Rahimi; Anesthesia, School of Medicine
    Summary: Abdominal pain secondary to chronic pancreatitis (CP) is difficult to manage and often requires chronic oral opioid therapy (OOT). Targeted drug delivery (TDD) allows for a diminished dose of opioid intake and improved pain levels. TDD has been used in different pain syndromes with only limited reports in CP. Objective: The objective of this article is to perform a retrospective review of CP patients treated with TDD versus OOT to compare chronic pain control and consumed morphine-equivalent doses. Methods: Patients receiving TDD between September 2011 and August 2018 were included. All patients were weaned off oral opioids one week before intrathecal trial and pump implantation. Patients with intrathecal trials providing at least 50% pain relief underwent pump implantation. Data were collected while on OOT and at two weeks, three months, and nine months post-implant. Data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel 365 MSO using means and standard deviations. P-values were calculated using a two-tailed student’s t-test with paired two-sample means. Results: Twenty-three patients were analyzed. Pre-trial average pain score was 6.5/10 with a mean improvement with trials greater than 71%. The mean chronic baseline oral morphine milligram equivalents (MME) was 188. The mean MME on TDD at two weeks (0.36), three months (1.39), and nine months (2.47) were significantly lower than OOT. Mean pain scores were 6, 4.9, and 5.6 at two weeks, three months, and nine months, respectively, compared to 6.5 on OOT. Discussion: The results of this study indicate that TDD provides improved pain control with significantly lower opioid doses.