Browsing by Author "Pritchard, Colin C."

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    Molecular pathology of urogenital tumors : Recommendations from the 2019 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference
    (SpringerLink, 2021-05) Hommerding, Oliver; Allory, Yves; Argani, Pedram; Bismar, Tarek A.; Bubendorf, Lukas; Canete-Portillo, Sofía; Chaux, Alcides; Chen, Ying-Bei; Cheng, Liang; Cubilla, Antonio L.; Egevad, Lars; Gill, Anthony J.; Grignon, David J.; Hartmann, Arndt; Hes, Ondrej; Idrees, Muhammad T.; Kao, Chia-Sui; Knowles, Margaret A.; Looijenga, Leendert H.J.; Lotan, Tamara L.; Pritchard, Colin C.; Rubin, Mark A.; Tomlins, Scott A.; Van der Kwast, Theodorus H.; Velazquez, Elsa F.; Warrick, Joshua I.; Williamson, Sean R.; Kristiansen, Glen; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Comprehensive understanding of molecular principles in cancer and the diversification of oncological therapy promise individual therapeutic concepts, which have not yet found their way into urogenital cancer therapy. In March 2019 the International Society of Urogenital Pathology (ISUP) therefore held a consensus conference on recommendations for molecular diagnostics of genitourinary tumors, which were published in five separate manuscripts and are summarized in this article.In preparation for the conference, a comprehensive survey of current practices for molecular testing of urogenital tumors was carried out by members of the ISUP. At the conference, the results and the corresponding background information were presented by five working groups and recommendations for action for diagnostics were developed. An agreement between 66% of the conference participants was defined as consensus.
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    Tumor Frameshift Mutation Proportion Predicts Response to Immunotherapy in Mismatch Repair‐Deficient Prostate Cancer
    (Oxford University Press, 2021-02) Sena, Laura A.; Fountain, Julia; Velho, Pedro Isaacsson; Lim, Su Jin; Wang, Hao; Nizialek, Emily; Rathi, Nityam; Nussenzveig, Roberto; Maughan, Benjamin L.; Gonzalez Velez, Miguel; Ashkar, Ryan; Larson, Amanda C.; Pritchard, Colin C.; Adra, Nabil; Bryce, Alan H.; Agarwal, Neeraj; Pardoll, Drew M.; Eshleman, James R.; Lotan, Tamara L.; Antonarakis, Emmanuel S.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Genomic biomarkers that predict response to anti-PD1 therapy in prostate cancer are needed. Frameshift mutations are predicted to generate more neoantigens than missense mutations; therefore, we hypothesized that the number or proportion of tumor frameshift mutations would correlate with response to anti-PD1 therapy in prostate cancer. Methods: To enrich for response to anti-PD1 therapy, we assembled a multicenter cohort of 65 men with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) prostate cancer. Patient characteristics and outcomes were determined by retrospective chart review. Clinical somatic DNA sequencing was used to determine tumor mutational burden (TMB), frameshift mutation burden, and frameshift mutation proportion (FSP), which were correlated to outcomes on anti-PD1 treatment. We subsequently used data from a clinical trial of pembrolizumab in patients with nonprostatic dMMR cancers of various histologies as a biomarker validation cohort. Results: Nineteen of 65 patients with dMMR metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were treated with anti-PD1 therapy. The PSA50 response rate was 65%, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 24 (95% confidence interval 16-54) weeks. Tumor FSP, more than overall TMB, correlated most strongly with prolonged PFS and overall survival (OS) on anti-PD1 treatment and with density of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. High FSP similarly identified patients with longer PFS as well as OS on anti-PD1 therapy in a validation cohort. Conclusion: Tumor FSP correlated with prolonged efficacy of anti-PD1 treatment among patients with dMMR cancers and may represent a new biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitor sensitivity. Implications for practice: Given the modest efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in unselected patients with advanced prostate cancer, biomarkers of ICI sensitivity are needed. To facilitate biomarker discovery, a cohort of patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) prostate cancer was assembled, as these patients are enriched for responses to ICI. A high response rate to anti-PD1 therapy in these patients was observed; however, these responses were not durable in most patients. Notably, tumor frameshift mutation proportion (FSP) was identified as a novel biomarker that was associated with prolonged response to anti-PD1 therapy in this cohort. This finding was validated in a separate cohort of patients with nonprostatic dMMR cancers of various primary histologies. This works suggests that FSP predicts response to anti-PD1 therapy in dMMR cancers, which should be validated prospectively in larger independent cohorts.