Browsing by Author "Piggott, Kurt D."

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    Extubation Failure after Neonatal Cardiac Surgery: A Multicenter Analysis
    (Elsevier, 2017-03) Mastropietro, Christopher W.; Cashen, Katherine; Grimaldi, Lisa M.; Narayana Gowda, Keshava Murty; Piggott, Kurt D.; Wilhelm, Michael; Gradidge, Eleanor; Moser, Elizabeth A. S.; Benneyworth, Brian D.; Costello, John M.; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objectives To describe the epidemiology of extubation failure and identify risk factors for its occurrence in a multicenter population of neonates undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. Study design We conducted a prospective observational study of neonates ≤30 days of age who underwent cardiac surgery at 7 centers within the US in 2015. Extubation failure was defined as reintubation within 72 hours of the first planned extubation. Risk factors were identified with the use of multivariable logistic regression analysis and reported as OR with 95% CIs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between extubation failure and worse clinical outcome, defined as hospital length of stay in the upper 25% or operative mortality. Results We enrolled 283 neonates, of whom 35 (12%) failed their first extubation at a median time of 7.5 hours (range 1-70 hours). In a multivariable model, use of uncuffed endotracheal tubes (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.8-11.6) and open sternotomy of 4 days or more (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.3-17.1) were associated independently with extubation failure. Accordingly, extubation failure was determined to be an independent risk factor for worse clinical outcome (OR 5.1; 95% CI 2-13). Conclusions In this multicenter cohort of neonates who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease, extubation failure occurred in 12% of cases and was associated independently with worse clinical outcome. Use of uncuffed endotracheal tubes and prolonged open sternotomy were identified as independent and potentially modifiable risk factors for the occurrence of this precarious complication.
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    Multicenter Validation of the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal Score as a Predictor of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation After Neonatal Cardiac Surgery
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2018-11) Cashen, Katherine; Costello, John M.; Grimaldi, Lisa M.; Gowda, Keshava Murty Narayana; Moser, Elizabeth A. S.; Piggott, Kurt D.; Wilhelm, Michael; Mastropietro, Christopher W.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Objectives: We sought to validate the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score, a novel disease severity index, as a predictor of outcome in a multicenter cohort of neonates who underwent cardiac surgery. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Seven tertiary-care referral centers. Patients: Neonates defined as age less than or equal to 30 days at the time of cardiac surgery. Interventions: Ventilation index, Vasoactive-Inotrope Score, serum lactate, and Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score were recorded for three postoperative time points: ICU admission, 6 hours, and 12 hours. Peak values, defined as the highest of the three measurements, were also noted. Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal was calculated as follows: ventilation index + Vasoactive-Inotrope Score + Δ creatinine (change in creatinine from baseline × 10). Primary outcome was prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, defined as greater than 96 hours. Receiver operative characteristic curves were generated, and abilities of variables to correctly classify prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation were compared using area under the curve values. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was also performed. Measurements and Main Results: We reviewed 275 neonates. Median age at surgery was 7 days (25th–75th percentile, 5–12 d), 86 (31%) had single ventricle anatomy, and 183 (67%) were classified as Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery Mortality Category 4 or 5. Prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation occurred in 89 patients (32%). At each postoperative time point, the area under the curve for prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly greater for the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score as compared to the ventilation index, Vasoactive-Inotrope Score, and serum lactate, with an area under the curve for peak Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.77–0.88). On multivariable analysis, peak Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score was independently associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, odds ratio (per 1 unit increase): 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04–1.12). Conclusions: In this multicenter cohort of neonates who underwent cardiac surgery, the Vasoactive-Ventilation-Renal score was a reliable predictor of postoperative outcome and outperformed more traditional measures of disease complexity and severity.
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    Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Prediction of Extubation Success after Neonatal Cardiac Surgery
    (Cambridge, 2019-06) Gradidge, Eleanor A.; Grimaldi, Lisa M.; Cashen, Katherine; Gowda, Keshava M. N.; Piggott, Kurt D.; Wilhelm, Michael; Costello, John M.; Mastropietro, Christopher W.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Reliable predictors of extubation readiness are needed and may reduce morbidity related to extubation failure. We aimed to examine the relationship between changes in pre-extubation near-infrared spectroscopy measurements from baseline and extubation outcomes after neonatal cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional multi-centre study, a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from neonates who underwent cardiac surgery at seven tertiary-care children’s hospitals in 2015 was performed. Extubation failure was defined as need for re-intubation within 72 hours of the first planned extubation attempt. Near-infrared spectroscopy measurements obtained before surgery and before extubation in patients who failed extubation were compared to those of patients who extubated successfully using t-tests. Results: Near-infrared spectroscopy measurements were available for 159 neonates, including 52 with single ventricle physiology. Median age at surgery was 6 days (range: 1–29 days). A total of 15 patients (9.4 %) failed extubation. Baseline cerebral and renal near-infrared spectroscopy measurements were not statistically different between those who were successfully extubated and those who failed, but pre-extubation cerebral and renal values were significantly higher in neonates who extubated successfully. An increase from baseline to time of extubation values in cerebral oximetry saturation by ≥ 5 % had a positive predictive value for extubation success of 98.6 % (95%CI: 91.1–99.8 %). Conclusion: Pre-extubation cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy measurements, when compared to baseline, were significantly associated with extubation outcomes. These findings demonstrate the potential of this tool as a valuable adjunct in assessing extubation readiness after paediatric cardiac surgery and warrant further evaluation in a larger prospective study.