Browsing by Author "Pettit, Katie"
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Item Exploring Gender Bias in Nursing Evaluations of Emergency Medicine Residents(Wiley, 2019) Brucker, Krista; Whitaker, Nash; Morgan, Zachary S.; Pettit, Katie; Thinnes, Erynn; Banta, Alison M.; Palmer, Megan M.; Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineObjectives Nursing evaluations are an important component of residents’ professional development as nurses are present for interactions with patients and nonphysician providers. Despite this, there has been few prior studies on the benefits, harms, or effectiveness of using nursing evaluations to help guide emergency medicine residents’ development. We hypothesized that gender bias exists in nursing evaluations and that female residents, compared to their male counterparts, would receive more negative feedback on the perception of their interpersonal communication skills. Methods Data were drawn from nursing evaluations of residents between March 2013 and April 2016. All comments were coded if they contained words falling into four main categories: standout, ability, grindstone, and interpersonal. This methodology and the list of words that guided coding were based on the work of prior scholars. Names and gendered pronouns were obscured and each comment was manually reviewed and coded for valence (positive, neutral, negative) and strength (certain or tentative) by at least two members of the research team. Following the qualitative coding, quantitative analysis was performed to test for differences. To evaluate whether any measurable differences in ability between male and female residents existed, we compiled and compared American Board of Emergency Medicine in‐training examination scores and relevant milestone evaluations between female and male residents from the same period in which the residents were evaluated by nursing staff. Results Of 1,112 nursing evaluations, 30% contained comments. Chi‐square tests on the distribution of valence (positive, neutral, or negative) indicated statistically significant differences in ability and grindstone categories based on the gender of the resident. A total of 51% of ability comments about female residents were negative compared to 20% of those about male residents (χ2 = 11.83, p < 0.01). A total of 57% of grindstone comments about female residents were negative as opposed 24% of those about male residents (χ2 = 6.03, p < 0.01). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that, despite the lack of difference in ability or competence as measured by in‐service examination scores and milestone evaluations, nurses evaluate female residents lower in their abilities and work ethic compared to male residents.Item Factors that Contribute to Resident Teaching Effectiveness(Cureus, 2019-03-21) Rutz, Matt; Turner, Joseph; Pettit, Katie; Palmer, Megan M.; Perkins, Anthony; Cooper, Dylan D; Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineBackground One of the key components of residency training is to become an educator. Resident physicians teach students, advanced practice providers, nurses, and even faculty on a daily basis. Objective The goal of this study was to identify the objective characteristics of residents, which correlate with perceived overall teaching effectiveness. Methods We conducted a one-year, retrospective study to identify factors that were associated with higher resident teaching evaluations. Senior emergency medicine (EM) teaching residents are evaluated by medical students following clinical teaching shifts. Eighteen factors pertaining to resident teaching effectiveness were chosen. Two items from the medical students' evaluations were analyzed against each factor: teaching effectiveness was measured on a five-point Likert scale and an overall teaching score (1-75). Results A total of 46 EM residents and 843 medical student evaluations were analyzed. The ACGME milestones for systems-based practice (p = 0.02) and accountability (p = 0.05) showed a statistically significant association with a rating of "five" on the Likert scale for teaching effectiveness. Three other ACGME milestones, systems-based practice (p = 0.01), task switching (p = 0.04), and team management (p = 0.03) also showed a statically significant association of receiving a score of 70 or greater on the overall teaching score. Conclusion Residents with higher performance associated with system management and accountability were perceived as highly effective teachers. USMLE and in-service exams were not predictive of higher teaching evaluations. Our data also suggest that effective teachers are working in both academic and community settings, providing a potential resource to academic departments and institutions.Item Implementation of an Annual “Education Day” to Foster Medical Education Scholarship in a Regional Campus System(University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing, 2024-06-24) Kochhar, Komal; Soleimani, Leila; Byrne, Bobbi; Stefanidis, Dimitrios; Pettit, Katie; Zakeri, Bita; Denny, Kim; Brokaw, James; Wallach, PaulWe implemented an annual “Education Day” at Indiana University School of Medicine to promote educational scholarship across our nine-campus system. Held each spring from 2020 to 2023, Education Day showcased the educational scholarship of our faculty, staff, and learners, and provided a forum to share best educational practices and forge new collaborations.Item Multi-Institutional Survey of Fourth Year Students’ Self Assessed Milestone Based Skill Proficiency and Faculty Expectation During an Emergency Medicine Clerk-ship: Implications For Curriculum Development(Taylor & Francis, 2018-09-13) Pettit, Katie; Turner, Joseph; Hogan, Kathryn; Poznanski, Stacey; Pfennig-Bass, Camiron; Kouyoumjian, Sarkis; Hexom, Braden; Perkins, Anthony; Pitre, Cory; Humbert, Aloysius; Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineIntroduction: Emergency medicine milestones suggest skill performance expectations for graduating medical students. The objective of this study is to examine differences between student’s perceived proficiency and faculty expectations relative to Level 1 EM milestones, identifying opportunities for curriculum development. Methods: Using ACGME milestone language, the authors developed a survey that measures student perceived skill proficiency with 22 skills, which was administered to fourth year medical students at 6 institutions. Similar surveys were sent to faculty to determine their expectations of students’ skill proficiency. Differences between student and faculty responses were calculated. Results: There were 608 student and 114 faculty responses. There was a statistically significant difference between mean student and faculty responses for 13 of the 22 skills. For 10 of these skills, students rated their own skill proficiency higher than faculty expectations. For 3 of the skills, faculty rated their expectations higher than students’ perceived proficiency. Conclusions: For pharmacology skills, student ratings were low, indicating an area to focus curriculum development. Items where student ratings are higher than faculty may be a result of overconfidence or a lack of understanding by faculty of students’ abilities. Formal assessment of skills in these areas would help clarify the reason and direct faculty and curriculum development.Item Obtaining History with a Language Barrier in the Emergency Department: Perhaps not a Barrier After All(eScholarship Publishing, 2018-11) Litzau, Megan; Turner, Joseph; Pettit, Katie; Morgan, Zachary; Cooper, Dylan; Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineItem Physician Time Management(Association of American Medical Colleges, 2018-02-14) Pitre, Cory; Pettit, Katie; Ladd, Lauren; Chisholm, Carey; Welch, Julie L.; Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineIntroduction: Time management is an essential skill set for physicians. The importance of time management is not routinely emphasized in undergraduate or graduate medical education curricula, often resulting in the development of poor time-management practices early in training. Improving time-management practices may lead to decreased stress, increased productivity, and improved well-being for physicians. Methods: This interactive workshop targeted trainees and junior faculty. It aimed to highlight common physician knowledge gaps with respect to cognitive limitations and to teach effective time-management strategies. It also aimed to educate learners about how time management may increase physician career satisfaction. The workshop included a detailed presentation with structured resources to reinforce skill development. Results: This workshop was given four times to 54 residents in two different training paradigms. Evaluations were based on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree, 4 = Strongly Agree). Overall, participants indicated that the workshop addressed an educational need (M = 3.72) and would recommend this workshop to a colleague (M = 3.83). Follow-up survey results at 4 months indicated that most workshop participants had noticed some degree of improved productivity and well-being, that only a small minority had not incorporated new elements of time management into routine practices. Discussion: This workshop offers an effective way to teach time-management strategies to physicians. Our results imply that this workshop meets an early career physician need by addressing a necessary skill set. Effective time-management skills may promote physician career sustainability.Item Qualities Important in the Selection of Chief Residents(Cureus, Inc., 2020-04-07) Turner, Joseph; Litzau, Megan; Mugele, Josh; Pettit, Katie; Sarmiento, Elisa J.; Humbert, Aloysius; Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineBackground Chief resident selection occurs by numerous methods. Chief residents also fulfill multiple roles, requiring a broad skill set. However, there is little literature on which qualities various stakeholders value in chief resident selection. The objective of this study was to identify the qualities that residents and faculty believe are important for chief residents. Methods Following a literature review, educational experts conducted a multi-institutional survey that asked participants to name the qualities they felt were most important in chief residents and to rank-order a predefined list of 10 qualities. Associations were calculated between rank-order and participant age, gender, institutional position, and history of serving as a chief resident. Results The response rate for the survey was 43.9% (385/877). Leadership, organization, and communication skills were named by all participants among the most common responses. Residents additionally named approachability, advocacy, and listening skills among their most valued qualities, whereas faculty named strong clinical skills and integrity. Dependability and trustworthiness were the most valued qualities in the rank-order list, whereas strong clinical skills and self-reflection were the least valued. Females valued the ability to manage multiple demands more whereas males valued dependability more. The faculty valued strong clinical skills more than residents. Conclusion A variety of qualities are seen as being valuable in chief residents. Additional research is needed to understand what qualities are associated with effective chief resident performance.Item Statewide Synergy: Showcasing Scholarship and Innovation in Medical Education at IUSM, 2020-2024(2024) Kochhar, Komal; Soleimani, Leila; Byrne, Bobbi; Stefanidis, Dimitrios; Pettit, Katie; Zakeri, Bita; Denny, Kim; McNulty , Margaret; Hoffman, Leslie; Brokaw, James; Wallach, PaulBackground IUSM employs a large geographically distributed system of medical education composed of 8 regional medical campuses statewide with the main medical campus in Indianapolis. An inherent challenge of operating such a large multi-campus system is being able to provide relevant professional development opportunities for all our medical educators and staff from across the state, as well as to provide our learners with formative opportunities to engage with faculty and peers in a community of scholars. Study objective We planned and implemented a one-day event available to all faculty, staff, and learners from across our multi-campus system with a focus on medical education scholarship. Methods In March 2020, the first Education Day took place on the Indianapolis campus, orchestrated by a five-member Planning Committee from the Dean’s Office of Educational Affairs. Peer-reviewed proposals culminated in oral and poster presentations, workshops, and group discussions. Eight themed sessions included presentations about specific aspects of IUSM’s educational mission: Diversity, Equity & Inclusion, Wellness, Point-of-Care Ultrasound, Simulation, Undergraduate Medical Education, Graduate Medical Education, Regional Medical Campuses, and Biomedical (MS/PhD) Education. A lunchtime keynote address was given by a nationally recognized medical educator. The day-long event ended with an awards ceremony to recognize the “best” faculty, staff, and learner proposals. With minimal variation, a similar planning process and agenda were used for the subsequent Education Days held in late April 2021 (virtual), 2022, and 2023. About 40 faculty reviewers from across campuses reviewed submissions using a standard rubric. Each submission was reviewed by two reviewers with a third reviewer resolving any split decisions. Accepted proposals were archived in the University’s ScholarWorks Digital Repository to extend their reach. Results Over four years, an average of 132 proposals were reviewed annually, with attendance averaging 281, trending upwards each year. While most attendees were from Indianapolis campus (76%), participation from the RMCs (24%) increased each year. Attendees represented basic science departments (17%), clinical departments (61%), and other school units, e.g., library, Dean’s offices, etc. (22%). Education Day presenters included faculty (38%), staff (12%), and learners (50%). The “learners” included medical students, residents, fellows, and a few graduate students. Beginning in 2022, we included Scholarly Concentration projects from medical students statewide which were presented during a special poster session. Post-event survey data across the four years revealed high satisfaction, with 81% rating the event as “excellent” or “very good.” Majority “strongly agreed” or “agreed” that Education Day met their professional expectations and needs (88%); provided supporting material/tools helpful to their professional role (83%); and included opportunities to learn interactively (82%). As a result of this event, majority “strongly agreed” or “agreed” they will be better able to network and collaborate with other IUSM colleagues (87%), identify best practices in medical education (81%), learn to present and publish educational outcomes data (75%), and describe current approaches to evaluate learners (73%). Conclusions IUSM’s Annual Education Day has established itself as a successful venue to share educational best practices, forge new collaborations, and encourage participation from all IUSM campuses.Item Update: Can Newer Rapid Influenza Tests Rule Out Disease?(Elsevier, 2018-04) Pettit, Katie; Welch, Julie L.; Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineAlthough newer rapid influenza tests have improved our ability to rule out disease, they are still better at ruling in influenza. Change in management should be considered before testing.