Browsing by Author "Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry"
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Item Amalgam or composite in pediatric dentistry: Analysis of private insurance claims data(Elsevier, 2023-08) Dentino, Francis C.; Yepes, Juan F.; Jones, James E.; Scully, Allison C.; Eckert, George J.; Downey, Tim; Maupome, Gerardo; Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryBackground Advancements in dental materials and changing parental preferences are modifying the frequency of use of restorative materials. This insurance claims analysis examined the trends in the use of amalgam and resin composite in the United States. Methods Commercial dental insurance claims were analyzed to compare 505,994 restorations, corresponding with procedure codes for 1-, 2-, and 3-surface amalgam or resin restorations. Paid claims collected nationwide from January 2010 through March 2020 were analyzed. Data for children aged 3 through 12 years were used, resulting in 219,632 unique patient identification numbers. Generalized estimating equation models applied to logistic regression were used. All tests were conducted using a 2-sided 5% significance level. Results In general, girls were less likely to receive amalgam than boys. A $20,000 increase in median household income was associated with a 16% decrease in the odds of amalgam being placed. Pediatric dentists (performing 15.1% of all restorations) were not as likely as general dentists (18.4%) to use amalgam. Having more surfaces in a restoration was associated with higher probability of amalgam placement. The percentage of amalgam restorations was higher for 2010 (26.9%) than for 2011 through 2020, and this pattern recurred in several of the years analyzed. Generally, patient age at time of amalgam restoration increased over time. Conclusion The use of amalgam is trending down; the sharpest decline was noted in 2014. Pediatric dentists were less likely to use amalgam than general dentists. Girls and patients with higher socioeconomic status were less likely to have amalgam.Item Bioactive Compounds Enhance the Biocompatibility and the Physical Properties of a Glass Ionomer Cement(MDPI, 2024-11-07) de Castilho, Aline Rogéria Freire; Rosalen, Pedro Luiz; Oliveira, Marina Yasbeck; Burga-Sánchez, Jonny; Duarte, Simone; Murata, Ramiro Mendonça; Puppin Rontani, Regina Maria; Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryIn order to characterize a novel restorative material, knowledge about the toxicological effect on human cells and the physical behavior of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing flavonoids was established. The flavonoids apigenin, naringenin, quercetin, and liquiritigenin were manually incorporated into a GIC. In the control group, no incorporation was performed. Two cell culture assays evaluated the toxicity of GICs: SRB and MTT. For both assays, the keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) was exposed to GIC (n = 3/group) for 24 h. The physical properties of the GICs were evaluated by compressive strength (n = 10), surface roughness (n = 10), and hardness (n = 10) tests. Cell viability by SRB ranged from 103% to 97%. The control revealed a significant decrease in the metabolism of cells (61%) by MTT, while the GIC+apigenin slightly increased the succinic dehydrogenase activity (105%; p > 0.05), also confirmed microscopically. The compressive strength and roughness values were similar among groups, but the hardness increased after the incorporation of naringenin and quercetin into GIC (p < 0.05). The incorporation of flavonoids positively altered the biological and physical properties of the GICs.Item Blood levels of lead and dental caries in permanent teeth(Wiley, 2020) Yepes, Juan F.; McCormick-Norris, Jayme; Vinson, LaQuia A.; Eckert, George J.; Hu, Howard; Wu, Yue; Jansen, Erica C.; Peterson, Karen E.; Téllez-Rojo, Martha M.; Martinez Mier, Esperanza Angeles; Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryObjectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between lead exposure within the ages of 1-4 years and dental caries in the permanent dentition between ages 9-17 among Mexican youth. Methods: Data were collected for the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort from a group of 490 children born and reared in Mexico City. Among ages 1-4 years, blood lead levels were measured in micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (μg/dL) and the presence of caries in adolescence was determined using the International Caries and Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The relationship between blood levels of lead and decayed, missing, or filled surfaces (DMFS) was examined using negative binomial regression. Covariates were selected based on previous studies and included age, gender, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene, body mass index, and diet. The nonlinear relationship between lead and DMFS was examined using smoothing splines. Results: The mean overall blood lead level (BLL) was 4.83 μg/dL (S.D. of 2.2). The mean overall caries level (DMFS) was 4.1. No statistically significant association was found between early childhood blood lead levels and dental caries in adolescence. Conclusion: This study shows a lack of association between exposure to lead between the ages of 1-4 years of age and dental caries in permanent dentition later in life. Other covariates, such as age and sugar consumption, appeared to play a more prominent role in caries development.Item Contemporary predoctoral paediatric behaviour guidance education in the United States and Canada(Wiley, 2022) Weishuhn, David; Scully, Allison; Amini, Homa; Salzmann, Larry; Boynton, James R.; Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryPurpose: To determine the contemporary educational experiences of predoctoral dental students in the United States and Canada regarding behaviour guidance (BG) of the child patient and assess trends from a previous study in 2004. Methods: Data were collected from 32 predoctoral paediatric dentistry programme directors in the United States and Canada via a web-based survey. Results: The didactic curriculum hours devoted to the teaching of BG techniques in 2019 are similar to 2004. A majority (60.7%) of programmes do not have a formal assessment of competency with BG techniques. Lectures (n = 28), clinical experience (n = 28) and observation (n = 26) were the most common techniques implemented to teach BG techniques, and tell-show-do (100%), non-verbal communication (82.1%), positive reinforcement (89.3%) and distraction (82.1%) were the techniques that more than 75% of dental students most commonly have hands-on experience with during their dental education. In 2019, students tended to have more hands-on experience with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation and less hands-on experience with aversive techniques and sedation. Conclusions: The majority of dental schools do not have a formal competency in BG of the child patient. Compared with 2004, nitrous oxide/oxygen is used more by dental students and there is less predoctoral education in aversive BG techniques.Item Dental Manifestations of Pediatric Bone Disorders(Springer, 2017-12) Yepes, Juan F.; Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryPurpose of Review Several bone disorders affecting the skeleton often are manifest in the maxillofacial region. This review presents the most common bone disorders in children and their dental–oral manifestations: fibrous dysplasia, Paget’s disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, renal osteodystrophy, hypophosphatasia, and osteoporosis. The specific intraoral characteristics will reviewed in detail. Recent Findings Recent studies confirmed the close relationship between the mandible and the maxilla with the most prevalent systemic bone disorders in children. Summary This review will help practitioners to integrate the oral health into the systemic health and improve the multidisciplinary approach of pediatric patients between medicine and dentistry.Item Dental X-Ray Exposure The Past has become the Future(California Dental Association, 2019) Miles, Dale A.; Yepes, Juan F.; Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryMost dental X-ray procedures are delegated to office staff and some recommendations and techniques, such as selection criteria and rectangular collimation for intraoral imaging, have been ignored or forgotten by some dentists. Some of the X-ray exposure recommendations, updated by the American Dental Associtation’s Science Institute in June 2018, and the need to adopt guidelines proposed by the public campaign Image Gently are discussed to help the reader develop safe X-ray protocols, from intraorals to CBCT.Item The effect of dynaCleft[R] on presurgical orthopedics in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients(Wolters Kluwer, 2019) Carlson, Lauren N.; Vinson, LaQuia A.; Sanders, Brian J.; Jones, James E.; Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryAims: The aim of this study was to determine the effects DynaCleft® has on patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Subjects and Methods: Comparative data were collected from a total of 46 infants diagnosed with bilateral cleft lip and palate between 1981 and 2017. Twenty-three infants were treated with DynaCleft® and an obturator and 23 infants received an obturator only. Maxillary impressions were taken at each infant's initial clinic visit and again on the day of his/her surgical cleft lip repair. Differences in maxillary retraction, sagittal repositioning, and cleft widths were compared between the two groups. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-tests were used to determine if there was significant change before and after DynaCleft® therapy, and two-sample t-tests were used to compare the data between the two study groups. Results: Clinically, DynaCleft® averaged more maxillary retraction and cleft size reduction on both the right and left sides compared to the control group. Within the DynaCleft® group, a statistically significant difference was found for premaxillary retraction on both the right and left sides. However, all the other comparisons between the two groups were not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: DynaCleft® as a presurgical orthopedic therapy may help to limit uncontrolled physiological changes and reposition the premaxillary segment, while reducing cleft widths prior to definitive lip surgery.Item The Effect of DynaCleft® on Cleft Width in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients(2017) Vinson, LaQuia A.; Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryObjective: The specific aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to assess the efficacy of DynaCleft® as a method of presurgical orthopedics with infants with a unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate who used an oral obturator. Study design: Data was collected from 25 infants all of comparable age diagnosed with a unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Eight patients used DynaCleft ® and an obturator (Group Alpha) and seventeen patients only had an obturator (Group Beta). Maxillary impression casts were obtained from each patient at the initial clinic visit and at the time of cleft lip repair. Differences in alveolar cleft width were compared between the two groups. Casts were measured twice by one observer using a digital caliper. Results: Group Alpha began treatment on an average age of 24.25 days and Group Beta an average of 15.35 days of age. The average cleft width of Group Alpha was 8.13 mm and after treatment it was 4.59 mm. The average cleft width of Group Beta was 8.09 mm and 6.92 mm after treatment. Results of paired t-tests and two-sample t-test showed that cleft width changes between the two groups were significant (P = .03). Conclusions: DynaCleft ® significantly decreased the size of the alveolar cleft width compared to infants who did not use it. Providers should consider using DynaCleft® for patients who may not have access to infant maxillary orthopedics.Item Effect of titanium dioxide on Streptococcus mutans biofilm(Sage, 2023) Sanders, Molly K.; Duarte, Simone; Ayoub, Hadeel M.; Scully, Allison C.; Vinson, LaQuia A.; Gregory, Richard L.; Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryBackground: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) participates in the dental caries process. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles produce reactive oxygen species capable of disrupting bacterial DNA synthesis by creating pores in cell walls and membranes. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of TiO2 on the disruption of S. mutans biofilm. Methods: This study was conducted in four phases involving a TiO2-containing toothbrush and TiO2 nanoparticles. Each phase was completed using 24 h established S. mutans biofilm growth. Phase one data was collected through a bacterial plating study, assessing biofilm viability. Biofilm mass was evaluated in phase two of the study by measuring S. mutans biofilm grown on microtiter plates following crystal violet staining. The third phase of the study involved a generalized oxygen radical assay to determine the relative amount of oxygen radicals released intracellularly. Phase four of the study included the measurement of insoluble glucan/extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis using a phenol-sulfuric acid assay. Results: Both exposure time and time intervals had a significant effect on bacterial viability counts (p = 0.0323 and p = 0.0014, respectively). Bacterial counts after 6 min of exposure were significantly lower than after 2 min (p = 0.034), compared to the no treatment control (p = 0.0056). As exposure time increased, the amount of remaining biofilm mass was statistically lower than the no treatment control. Exposure time had a significant effect on oxygen radical production. Both the 30 and 100 nm TiO2 nanoparticles had a significant effect on bacterial mass. The silver nanoparticles and the 30 and 100 nm TiO2 nanoparticles significantly inhibited EPS production. Conclusion: The TiO2-containing toothbrush kills, disrupts, and produces oxygen radicals that disrupt established S. mutans biofilm. TiO2 and silver nanoparticles inhibit EPS production and reduce biofilm mass. The addition of TiO2 to dental products may be effective in reducing cariogenic dental biofilm.Item Evaluation of Claim Reports for Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Dental Procedures(American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 2023-01) Bauer, Brittany A.; Yepes, Juan F.; Vinson, LaQuia; Sanders, Brian J.; Eckert, George; Pediatric Dentistry, School of DentistryPurpose: To evaluate whether the postponement of dental elective procedures at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased number of simple dental extractions, and/or decreased restorative procedures by analyzing data obtained from state-funded insurance dental claims. Methods: Paid dental claims collected from March 2019 to December 2019 and from March 2020 to December 2020 for children ages two to 13 years old were analyzed. Dental procedures were selected based on Current Dental Terminology (CDT) codes for simple dental extractions and restorative procedures. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the rates of procedure types between 2019 and 2020. Results: No differences in dental extractions but full-coverage restoration procedure rates per month and child were significantly lower than pre-pandemic (P=0.016). Conclusion: Further study required to determine the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric restorative procedures and access to pediatric dental care in the surgical setting.