Browsing by Author "Paulus, Martin P."

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    Digital Media and Developing Brains: Concerns and Opportunities
    (Springer, 2024) Hutton, John S.; Piotrowski, Jessica Taylor; Bagot, Kara; Blumberg, Fran; Canli, Turhan; Chein, Jason; Christakis, Dimitri A.; Grafman, Jordan; Griffin, James A.; Hummer, Tom; Kuss, Daria J.; Lerner, Matthew; Marcovitch, Stuart; Paulus, Martin P.; Perlman, Greg; Romeo, Rachel; Thomason, Moriah E.; Turel, Ofir; Weinstein, Aviv; West, Gregory; Hurst‑Della Pietra, Pamela; Potenza, Marc N.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Purpose of review: The incorporation of digital technologies and their use in youth's everyday lives has been increasing rapidly over the past several decades with possible impacts on youth development and mental health. This narrative review aimed to consider how the use of digital technologies may be influencing brain development underlying adaptive and maladaptive screen-related behaviors. Recent findings: To explore and provide direction for further scientific inquiry, an international group of experts considered what is known, important gaps in knowledge, and how a research agenda might be pursued regarding relationships between screen media activity and neurodevelopment from infancy through childhood and adolescence. While an understanding of brain-behavior relationships involving screen media activity has been emerging, significant gaps exist that have important implications for the health of developing youth. Summary: Specific considerations regarding brain-behavior relationships involving screen media activity exist for infancy, toddlerhood, and early childhood; middle childhood; and adolescence. Transdiagnostic frameworks may provide a foundation for guiding future research efforts. Translating knowledge gained into better interventions and policy to promote healthy development is important in a rapidly changing digital technology environment.
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    Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Methylphenidate or Galantamine for Persistent Emotional and Cognitive Symptoms Associated with PTSD and/or Traumatic Brain Injury
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2016-04) McAllister, Thomas W.; Zafonte, Ross; Jain, Sonia; Flashman, Laura A.; George, Mark S.; Grant, Gerald A.; He, Feng; Lohr, James B.; Andaluz, Norberto; Summerall, Lanier; Paulus, Martin P.; Raman, Rema; Stein, Murray B.; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    We report findings from a 12-week randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate or galantamine to treat emotional and cognitive complaints in individuals (n=32) with a history of PTSD, TBI, or both conditions. In this small pilot study, methylphenidate treatment was associated with clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement compared with placebo on the primary outcome, a measure of cognitive complaints (Ruff Neurobehavioral Inventory-Postmorbid Cognitive Scale), as well as on the secondary outcomes reflecting post-concussive (Rivermead Post Concussive Symptom Questionnaire) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist). Treatment was well tolerated. These results suggest the need for a larger RCT to replicate and confirm these findings. Design considerations for such a trial should include the need for multiple sites to facilitate adequate recruitment and extension of the treatment and follow-up periods.