Browsing by Author "Pashankar, Farzana"

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    Consensus and controversy in the management of paediatric and adult patients with ovarian immature teratoma: the Malignant Germ Cell International Consortium perspective
    (Elsevier, 2024-02-06) Pashankar, Farzana; Murray, Matthew J.; Gell, Joanna; MacDonald, Nicola; Shamash, Jonathan; Billmire, Deborah F.; Klosterkemper, Lindsay; Olson, Thomas; Hirsch, Michelle S.; Lockley, Michelle; Stoneham, Sara; Frazier, A. Lindsay; Surgery, School of Medicine
    Ovarian immature teratoma (IT) is a rare neoplasm comprising ∼3% of ovarian cancers, occurring primarily in young females. Management presents several challenges, including those with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein, potential confusion regarding pathology interpretation, and paucity of data to support decision-making. MaGIC (https://magicconsortium.com/) is an interdisciplinary international consortium of GCT experts from multiple subspecialties, with members receiving frequent queries regarding IT patient management. With evidence from published literature where available, we summarise consensus management of such patients. Given lack of published data, controversy in certain areas remains. The most obvious variance in practice is between paediatric and adult teams, despite very similar outcomes. Paediatric teams typically employ a surgery-only approach, whereas in adult practice, all patients, except those with stage IA, grade 1 (low-grade) tumours, still generally receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Given the rarity of ovarian IT and lack of published data, discussion with GCT experts and/or national advisory panels is recommended.
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    Imaging Appearance of Nongerminoma Pediatric Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Does Not Discriminate Benign from Malignant Histology
    (Elsevier, 2020) Billmire, Deborah; Dicken, Bryan; Rescorla, Frederick; Ross, Jonathan; Piao, Jin; Huang, Li; Krailo, Mark; Pashankar, Farzana; Frazier, Lindsay; Surgery, School of Medicine
    Study Objective Pediatric ovarian neoplasms with imaging appearance suggestive of teratoma are often presumed to have low risk of malignancy. We assessed the pre-operative imaging appearance of pediatric malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT) and the presence of associated teratoma in a series of MOGCT. Design Retrospective review of clinical and pathology data. Setting Multicenter trial for extracranial malignant germ cell tumors in young female individuals by the Children's Oncology Group (COG study AGCT0132) that included yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma. Participants Female individuals 0-20 years of age at enrollment with ovarian primary nonseminomatous malignant germ cell tumors. Interventions Review of data forms, including prospectively collected surgical checklist documenting imaging characteristics of the tumor, and review of pathology reports. Main Outcome Measures Description of imaging appearance and frequency of mixed histology with benign teratoma elements. Results A total of 138 female individuals (11 months to 20 years of age) had primary ovarian tumors. Imaging appearance and pathology information were available for 133 patients. Among the 133 patients, tumor appearance was solid (10.5%), solid with calcification (3.0%), mixed cystic and solid (58.7%), mixed cystic and solid with calcification (24.8%), and unknown (3.0%). In all, 54% had elements of teratoma in addition to malignant histology. Conclusion Mixed cystic and solid appearance with or without calcification was seen in 83.5% of pediatric ovarian malignant germ cell tumors. Associated benign teratoma was common. The presence of a mixed cystic and solid appearance on preoperative imaging should not dissuade the surgeon from obtaining preoperative serum markers and undertaking complete surgical staging.
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    Outcomes of adolescent males with extracranial metastatic germ cell tumors: A report from the Malignant Germ Cell Tumor International Consortium
    (Wiley, 2021) Shaikh, Furqan; Stark, Daniel; Fonseca, Adriana; Dang, Ha; Xia, Caihong; Krailo, Mark; Pashankar, Farzana; Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos; Olson, Thomas A.; Nicholson, James C.; Murray, Matthew J.; Amatruda, James F.; Billmire, Deborah; Stoneham, Sara; Frazier, A. Lindsay; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Background: Adolescents with extracranial metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) are often treated with regimens developed for children, but their clinical characteristics more closely resemble those of young adult patients. This study was designed to determine event-free survival (EFS) for adolescents with GCTs and compared them with children and young adults. Methods: An individual patient database of 11 GCT trials was assembled: 8 conducted by pediatric cooperative groups and 3 conducted by an adult group. Male patients aged 0 to 30 years with metastatic, nonseminomatous, malignant GCTs of the testis, retroperitoneum, or mediastinum who were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were included. The age groups were categorized as children (0 to <11 years), adolescents (11 to <18 years), and young adults (18 to ≤30 years). The study compared EFS and adjusted for risk group by using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: From a total of 2024 individual records, 593 patients met the inclusion criteria: 90 were children, 109 were adolescents, and 394 were young adults. The 5-year EFS rate was lower for adolescents (72%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 62%-79%) than children (90%; 95% CI, 81%-95%; P = .003) or young adults (88%; 95% CI, 84%-91%; P = .0002). The International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk group was associated with EFS in the adolescent age group (P = .0020). After adjustments for risk group, the difference in EFS between adolescents and children remained significant (hazard ratio, 0.30; P = .001). Conclusions: EFS for adolescent patients with metastatic GCTs was similar to that for young adults but significantly worse than for that children. This finding highlights the importance of coordinating initiatives across clinical trial organizations to improve outcomes for adolescents and young adults. Lay summary: Adolescent males with metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) are frequently treated with regimens developed for children. In this study, a large data set of male patients with metastatic GCTs across different age groups has been built to understand the outcomes of adolescent patients in comparison with children and young adults. The results suggest that adolescent males with metastatic GCTs have worse results than children and are more similar to young adults with GCTs. Therefore, the treatment of adolescents with GCTs should resemble therapeutic approaches for young adults.
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    Surveillance after initial surgery for pediatric and adolescent girls with stage I ovarian germ cell tumors: report from the Children's Oncology Group
    (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2014-02-10) Billmire, Deborah F.; Cullen, John W.; Rescorla, Frederick J.; Davis, Mary; Schlatter, Marc G.; Olson, Thomas A.; Malogolowkin, Marcio H.; Pashankar, Farzana; Villaluna, Doojduen; Krailo, Mark; Egler, Rachel A.; Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos; Frazier, A. Lindsay; Department of Surgery, IU School of Medicine
    PURPOSE: To determine whether overall survival (OS) can be preserved for patients with stage I pediatric malignant ovarian germ cell tumor (MOGCT) with an initial strategy of surveillance after surgical resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between November 2003 and July 2011, girls age 0 to 16 years with stage I MOGCT were enrolled onto Children's Oncology Group study AGCT0132. Required histology included yolk sac, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma. Surveillance included measurement of serum tumor markers and radiologic imaging at defined intervals. In those with residual or recurrent disease, chemotherapy with compressed PEB (cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin) was initiated every 3 weeks for three cycles (cisplatin 33 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 3, etoposide 167 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 3, bleomycin 15 U/m(2) on day 1). Survivor functions for event-free survival (EFS) and OS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Twenty-five girls (median age, 12 years) with stage I MOGCT were enrolled onto AGCT0132. Twenty-three patients had elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) at diagnosis. Predominant histology was yolk sac. After a median follow-up of 42 months, 12 patients had evidence of persistent or recurrent disease (4-year EFS, 52%; 95% CI, 31% to 69%). Median time to recurrence was 2 months. All patients had elevated AFP at recurrence; six had localized disease, two had metastatic disease, and four had tumor marker elevation only. Eleven of 12 patients experiencing relapse received successful salvage chemotherapy (4-year OS, 96%; 95% CI, 74% to 99%). CONCLUSION: Fifty percent of patients with stage I pediatric MOGCT can be spared chemotherapy; treatment for those who experience recurrence preserves OS. Further study is needed to identify the factors that predict recurrence and whether this strategy can be extended successfully to older adolescents and young adults.