Browsing by Author "Parks, Edwin T."

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    Chronic fibrosing osteomyelitis of the jaws: an important cause of recalcitrant facial pain. A clinicopathologic study of 331 cases in 227 patients
    (Elsevier, 2017) Goldblatt, Lawrence I.; Adams, William R.; Spolnik, Kenneth J.; Deardorf, Kevin A.; Parks, Edwin T.; Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of Dentistry
    Objective This was a retrospective and follow-up analysis of 331 cases of chronic fibrosing osteomyelitis of the jaws (CFOJ) in 227 patients. Study Design Demographic, clinical, surgical, and microscopic characteristics were tabulated for all patients. A follow-up mail survey was used to determine the degree of symptom relief experienced after surgery. Results The female to male ratio approached 7:1, and mean age of patients was 53 years. The most common sites were the mandibular posterior region, followed by the maxillary posterior region. Consistent clinical findings included intractable jaw pain mimicking that of odontogenic origin but unresponsive to usual therapies, minimal or undetectable radiographic abnormalities on plain films but dramatic radiolucencies detected on cone beam computed tomography, and large cavities that were either empty or filled with blood mixed with lipid globules encountered at surgery. The most common histomorphologic findings were vital lamellar bone, prominent resting and reversal lines, microshards and splaying of trabeculae, rounded trabeculae, marrow fibrosis, and pools of erythrocytes and lipid globules, often together. Moderate to complete relief of symptoms for periods up to 108 months after surgery were reported by 83% of the 70 patients who returned the survey. Conclusions On the basis of the findings of this study, CFOJ can be considered a unique entity with consistent clinicopathologic features. Its features suggest a pathogenesis based on bone marrow ischemia. CFOJ can be treated on a rational basis with a justifiable expectation of success and probable cure.
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    Comparative evaluation of mandibular canal visibility on crosssectional cone-beam CT images: a retrospective study
    (British Institute of Radiology, 2015) Miles, Mahogany S.; Parks, Edwin T.; Eckert, George J.; Blanchard, Steven B.; Department of Periodontics and Allied Dental Programs, IU School of Dentistry
    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the visibility of the mandibular canal (MC) in CBCT images and if the visibility of the MC is affected by gender, location and/or age. METHODS: CBCT images were evaluated for the visibility of the MC by a board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist, a board-certified periodontist and a periodontics resident. Representative slices were examined for the first premolar (PM1), second premolar (PM2), first molar (M1) and second molar (M2) sites by all examiners. The visibility of the MC was registered as either present or absent. RESULTS: 360 total CBCT cross-sectional images were examined, with the MC identified in 204 sites (56%). Age had a significant effect on MC visibility, but it differed by location: for PM1, age 47–56 had lower visibility than age 65+ (p = 0.0377). Gender also had a significant effect on canal visibility, where females had lower visibility than males overall (p = 0.0178) and had the most pronounced difference for PM1 (p = 0.0054). Location had a significant effect on visibility, but it differed by age and by gender: for age 65+, M2 had lower visibility than PM1 (p = 0.0411) and PM2 (p = 0.0180), while for females, PM1 had lower visibility than M1 (p = 0.0123) and M2 (p = 0.0419). CONCLUSIONS: The MC was visualized only in just over half of the CBCT images. Age, gender and location had significant effects on the visibility.
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    Comparison of Root Resorption in Patients Treated With .018 Slot Brackets Versus Those Treated With .022 Slot Brackets
    (2002) Bailey, Spencer S.; Hohlt, William F.; Hathaway, Ronald; Baldwin, James J.; Parks, Edwin T.; Shanks, James C.
    Understanding the factors that increase patients susceptibility to orthodontically induced root resorption is of the utmost importance to the practicing clinician. Numerous studies have been conducted that investigated contributing and etiological factors that tend to increase the amount of external apical root resorption a patient may incur during orthodontic treatment. However, there has been little research that has attempted to determine if patients treated with different slot size orthodontic brackets exhibit the same amount of external apical root resorption. The purpose of this research was to determine if patients treated with the 0.018 x 0.025 slot size bracket and patients treated with the 0.022 x 0.028 exhibited similar amounts of external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Pre and Post treatment panoramic films from 91 consecutively treated orthodontic patients from a private orthodontic practice were used for this study. Each case that was included in the study had been treated with standard edgewise brackets using the Tweed-Merrifield philosophy of treatment. Forty-three cases from the 0.018 group and 48 from the 0.022 group were obtained. Each film that was analyzed was blinded prior to measuring to minimize observer bias. Mitutoyo Digimatic® calipers accurate to the nearest tenth of a millimeter were used for obtaining tooth measurements. Measurements were made from the Cemento-enamel junction and from incisal/occlusal to most apical portion of each incisor and all first molars. Statistical analysis was performed and the results showed no significant correlation between the size of the bracket and the amount of root resorption. No significant correlations existed between the groups for patient age, time in treatment, gender, and angle classification. Statistically significant differences were noted for cases in which extraction of four bicuspids was performed. Subjects belonging to the extraction group demonstrated significantly more external apical root resorption than those in which extractions were not done. This study demonstrated that the incidence of EARR that a patient may incur during treatment is independent of the size of the slot of the orthodontic bracket.
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    Digital Microradiography: In Vitro Validation of a Novel Imaging Technique
    (2004) Yip, Gary Ka Fai; Roberts, W. Eugene; Everett, Eric; Garetto, Lawrence P.; Hancock, E. Brady; Kowolik, Michael J.; Parks, Edwin T.; Platt, Jeffrey A.; Zunt, Susan L.
    Microradiography has been widely used in mineralized tissue research in determining the mineral content within the specimens being studied. There are considerable limitations of this ageing gold standard such as unavailability of the high-resolution spectroscopic plates and prolonged imaging and processing times. The present study aimed at developing and validating a novel digital microradiographic technique that is not restricted by the limitations of conventional microradiography. Reproducibility of digital microradiography was investigated by studying 4 repeated images of 10 randomly selected sectioned implant-bone specimens acquired by 2 examiners over 2 weeks. The acquired images were analyzed by both manual and automated digital subtractions. Correlation between digital and conventional microradiography was performed by digital subtraction of 23 matching images acquired by both microradiographic techniques. A comparison between manual and automated digital subtraction enabled evaluation of the influence of the digital subtraction protocols on the results of the subtraction. A direct digital microradiographic technique has been developed which does not require analogue recording medium and film processing. The robustness of the digital microradiography was evidenced by the narrow range of means and standard deviations for intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility. The intra-examiner means and standard deviations ranged from 126.54-128.42 and 4.11-5.34 respectively. The inter-examiner means and standard deviations ranged from 126.71-129.87 and 4.68-5.70 respectively. The detection threshold for the digital microradiography was 5 gray scales or 3.9 percent, which was comparable to digital radiography. The high concordance between conventional and digital microradiography was demonstrated by the mean and standard deviation of 8.69 and 1.75 gray scales respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the results obtained by manual and automated digital subtraction, but the clinical significance is yet to be determined.
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    Use of an Orthodontic Bracket as a Fiduciary Marker for Digital Subtraction Radiography
    (2004) Silverman, Michael J.; Parks, Edwin T.; Roberts, W. Eugene; Hohlt, William F.; Kowolik, Michael; Shanks, James C.
    Radiography is an essential diagnostic technique for the detection of hard tissue changes over time. Digital subtraction radiography allows a significant improvement in the ability to detect subtle changes in hard tissues and has been used for many applications including assessment and monitoring of root resorption, caries, periodontal disease, periapical disease and implants. Subtraction radiography requires two identical images taken at different times. The subtracted image is a composite, representing the changes in density. The ability to accurately detect changes is dependent on the reproducibility of the projection geometry between images and the ability to register or superimpose those images. Historically, this has been difficult to achieve and clinical application of this technique has been limited. Many approaches have been suggested to address this problem. To date, no investigators have used an orthodontic bracket as a fiduciary marker for digital subtraction. The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of an orthodontic bracket with and without additional fiduciary markers for digital subtraction radiography. The hypothesis is that, by virtue of its geometry and stable position, an orthodontic bracket will provide more accurate subtractions than controls using anatomic reference points. This laboratory study examined digital subtraction images obtained from human mandibular incisors with and without brackets. Direct digital images of forty teeth were taken at no angulation and 10 and 15 degrees of labial and lingual tip. The images were reconstructed and subtracted using the Emago/Advanced v3.5 program. The standard deviations of the subtraction histograms were evaluated with an ANO VA model to test the null hypothesis of no significant difference in the accuracy of digital subtractions between groups. An exploratory analysis of the length and width of the reconstructed images was also performed. Ten teeth were randomly selected to have their reconstructions repeated to assess intra and inter operator repeatability with this method. Subtractions performed using the brackets alone or the brackets with additional fiduciary markers were significantly more accurate than those performed with anatomic landmarks (p < 0.05). Reconstruction length of the no bracket group was closer in length to the reference images while length of the bracket groups were closer to the reference image length for labial tipping and closer to the tipped image for lingual tipping. Differences in width between groups were negligible. Improving the accuracy of digital subtraction by using orthodontic brackets as fiduciary markers will assist in research applications of interest to orthodontists, particularly root resorption, and may contribute to the improvement of clinical applications, such as monitoring patients genetically susceptible to root resorption. The use of an orthodontic bracket provides another tool to facilitate the application of digital subtraction radiography.