IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Author "Paarlberg, Laurie E."

Browsing by Author "Paarlberg, Laurie E."

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Activating Community Resilience: The Emergence of COVID-19 Funds Across the United States
(Sage, 2020-11) Paarlberg, Laurie E.; LePere-Schloop, Megan; Ai, Jin; Ming, Yue; Walk, Marlene; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
This article draws upon concepts of community resilience to explore the antecedents of community philanthropic organizations’ response to COVID-19. Although the pandemic is a global threat, responses have been local. We test a model of community resilience activation in the context of the emergence of local COVID-19 funds. We find that a philanthropic organization’s capacity to act in a crisis and respond to the needs of the community depends on the stock of community capitals and organizational capacity. The importance of economic, cultural, and political factors in predicting the emergence of a fund raises important questions about disparities in resilience along class and race lines and the role of political ideology in shaping perceptions of crises. Our research contributes to our understanding of community philanthropic organizations’ capacity to activate community resources during a crisis.
Board and Staff Representation and Grantmaking in Community Foundations: The Effect of Racial Representation, Intersectionality, and Donor Control
(2024-07) Ming, Yue; Paarlberg, Laurie E.; Badertscher, Katherine; Gazley, Beth; Rooney, Patrick
As the United States continues its significant demographic shift, concerns persist about philanthropic responsiveness to the needs of diverse communities. While foundations aim to address societal challenges, historical leadership structures can pose barriers to equitable outcomes. This raises questions about the representativeness of philanthropy to the broader public. The theory of representative bureaucracy establishes a framework for understanding the connection between representation and outcomes, positing that passive representation, which is bureaucrats share the same demographic origins as the general population, will result in active representation, which is producing policy outputs that benefit the interests of individuals who are passively represented. This study applies the theory of representative bureaucracy to nonprofits, specifically examining the case of community foundations in the United States. It investigates the influence of racial representation, the intersectionality across race and gender among representatives, and the impact of donor control on grant allocations to underserved groups. Key questions examined include: Does a positive relationship exist between racial representation in board and staff in community foundations and grant allocations to grantee organizations serving people of color? Does intersectional representation yield stronger results than solely racial representation? Does increased donor control weaken the positive relationship between board and staff members’ representation and grant allocations to grantee organizations serving people of color? This study utilizes longitudinal data spanning from 2012 to 2016, collected from a national sample of community foundations. The findings contribute both theoretically and practically to the understanding of the relationships among representation, discretion, and grant-making outcomes within the nonprofit sector.
Building & Maintaining Cooperative Relationships Between Community Foundations and United Way
(2021-07-31) Paarlberg, Laurie E.; LaPere-Schloop, Megan; Horning, Cherilyn
This project explores how relationships are formed and maintained by local philanthropic leaders. Our research team at the Lilly Family School of Philanthropy and the John Glenn College of Public Affairs at The Ohio State University has conducted studies of local partnerships between United Way and community foundations in 8 communities. This report represents the findings in these collaborative partnerships.
Community Diversity and Donor Control: An empirical analysis of contributions to donor-advised funds at community foundations
(2021-06) Qu, Heng; Paarlberg, Laurie E.
This study examines the relationship between community ethnic-racial diversity and contributions to donors-advised funds (DAFs) held by community foundations. Unlike general contributions, DAFs allows donors to retain advisory control over their fund distribution based on individual preferences. In contrast to prior research that generally finds that diversity dampens private provision of public goods, we show that greater ethnic-racial diversity is significantly associated with higher levels of contributions to DAFs at community foundations but not with general contributions. The findings contribute to the literature on diversity and public goods provision and have practical implications for the policy role of private philanthropy.
The Energy Boom: Boon or Bane for Local Philanthropy?
(Wiley, 2019-08) Hwang, Hyunseok; Paarlberg, Laurie E.; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
Objective This article explores the complex relationships between the energy boom, community economic and demographic conditions, and local philanthropy. This study aims to find direct effects of the energy boom and indirect effects of multiple mediators—community economic conditions, population change, racial diversity, and income inequality—on local philanthropy. Methods Drawing upon data from U.S. counties, a series of mediation analyses are tested by following Baron and Kenney's (1986, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51(6):1173) causal‐steps procedures. Results The energy boom always has negative direct effects on local philanthropy. Although indirect effects of mediators are not always significant, total effects, as the sum of direct and indirect effects, reveal that income, population growth, and racial diversity positively mediate negative effects of the energy boom on local philanthropy. The energy boom increases levels of income inequality; however, increased income inequality paradoxically is positively associated with local philanthropy. Conclusion The relationship among the energy boom, community economic and demographic conditions, and local philanthropy is complex. Although direct effects of the energy boom are negative, key findings of positive indirect effects suggest implications for policymakers, nonprofit practitioners, and community leaders when dealing with grand societal challenges caused by natural resource development at the community level.
Foundation Position and Actions in the Multi-national Arena: A Case Study of Ocean Conservation in the Arctic
(2023-03) Danahey Janin, Patricia Clare; Paarlberg, Laurie E.; Shaker, Genevieve G.; Badertscher, Katherine; Hellwig, Timothy
This study examines private foundation positioning and actions in respect to governance and market considerations in the multi-national arena around the issue of ocean conservation in the empirical setting of the Arctic Ocean. Existing research has focused primarily on foundations in their domestic setting or alternatively in their international engagement within a foreign country. There is evidence that foundation creation and activity addressing global issues are rising. Questions remain around the role of foundations in global governance and their relationship to the market. Using a qualitative case study methodology, this study was guided by a framework based on governance and market. The framework incorporated Young and Frumkin’s conceptualization of government-nonprofit relations enhanced by three additional United Nations ocean-related frameworks, and an orientation toward the market based on empirical studies. Five key actions carried out by foundations were also considered. The study was organized around two ocean conservation policy contexts to see similarities and differences. The research focused on a total of eleven foundation case studies, drawing on data from publicly available documents, grant databases, the observation of public events, and sixteen semi-structured on-line video interviews of experts, foundation, government, and NGO representatives. The study supports the theoretical model demonstrating that foundations generally complemented government activity underway and took adversarial stances at specific decision-making junctures. Foundations were attentive to international frameworks that intersected with their issue area and approach. The study challenges the model due to the difficulty in differentiating the supplemental and complementary positioning. Governance architecture and interlocking policy fields kept foundations from driving the agenda. Primary actions were funding and deploying a variety of non-financial assets. No high-risk funding linked to markets was detected and sustainable market solutions coupled with regulation were favored approaches. Risk mitigation was a primary concern prompting questions around foundation innovation. This research points to factors hindering foundations to take on a key role in governance and the evolving dimensions of the market prompting further research on foundation activity in the multi-national arena. It provides scholars and practitioners insights into theoretical and practical implications for foundations working in complex, politically tense contexts.
The Landscape of Community Philanthropy: Navigating Relationships between local United Ways and Community Foundations
(2020-09) Paarlberg, Laurie E.; LePere-Schloop, Megan; Horning, Cherilyn; Ai, Jin
Community philanthropic organizations, those organizations like United Ways and community foundations, have traditionally played important roles by raising and distribute resources within a specific geographic place, increasingly play important roles in planning for and funding local public service delivery. Over the last two decades, the field of community philanthropy has experienced many shifts. Changing donor expectations, increased competition from other nonprofits and commercial funds, economic restructuring and demographic shifts have all pushed local United Ways and community foundations to rethink their roles and their business models. These changes also affect relationships between organizations. This report summarizes the roles that United Ways and community foundations play in their local communities, their perceptions of the changes going on in the world around them and their perceptions of their relationships with each other.
Moving the Needle: Central Florida Foundation and Horizon Goals
(Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2023-05-05) Danahey Janin, Pat; Paarlberg, Laurie E.
This teaching case study is a pedagogical tool to develop the skills of graduate students in understanding how a community foundation adopts a new framework to galvanize their local community around key issues. The case is based on the decision of the leadership of the Central Florida Foundation (CFF) to adopt the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals as a framework to understand community progress on key issues such as health, employment, and housing. The case describes the internal and external efforts by the CFF to apply the global SDGs to local issues and engage community partners in their efforts. Students are asked to identify why CFF’s approach to adopting the SDFs was successful and what is necessary to keep it sustainable. Students can gain insight into the building blocks of a successful approach to community change. The text contains information about the political, economic, social, and cultural environment in Orlando, Florida and the way that CFF engages in cross-sector collaborations to improve their community.
Philanthropic Capital for Communities: A Comparative Analysis of Community Foundation and United Way Grantmaking
(Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, 2022-05-02) Waldrip, Keith; Paarlberg, Laurie E.; LePere Schloop, Megan; Sexton, Daniel
This report provides an analysis of grants made by 1,650 community foundations and local United Ways--accounting for over $20 billion between 2012 and 2016.
Six Blind Men and One Elephant – Proposing an Integrative Framework to Advance Research and Practice in Justice Philanthropy
(Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs, 2022) Paarlberg, Laurie E.; Walk, Marlene; Merritt, Cullen C.
There are growing calls that philanthropic foundations across the globe can and should advance diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice. Initial evidence indicates that foundations have indeed responded as evidenced by pledges to change practice, increased funding for racial justice, and the emergence of new networks to support equity and justice. However, there is also great skepticism about whether the field of foundations are, in fact, able to make lasting changes given numerous critiques of philanthropy and its structural limitations. In this article, we summarize these critiques that suggest factors that make institutional philanthropy resistant to calls for equity and justice. We posit that a core obstacle is a lack of conceptual coherence within and across academic and practitioner literature about the meanings of terms and their implications for practice. Therefore, we propose a transdisciplinary conceptual framework of justice philanthropy that integrates the fragmented literature on justice-related aspects of philanthropy emerging from different disciplinary traditions such as ethics, political theory and political science, social movement theory, geography, public administration, and community development.

Browsing by Author "Paarlberg, Laurie E."

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