Browsing by Author "Ownby, Dennis"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Childhood Asthma Incidence, Early and Persistent Wheeze, and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Factors in the ECHO/CREW Consortium
    (American Medical Association, 2022) Zanobetti, Antonella; Ryan, Patrick H.; Coull, Brent; Brokamp, Cole; Datta, Soma; Blossom, Jeffrey; Lothrop, Nathan; Miller, Rachel L.; Beamer, Paloma I.; Visness, Cynthia M.; Andrews, Howard; Bacharier, Leonard B.; Hartert, Tina; Johnson, Christine C.; Ownby, Dennis; Khurana Hershey, Gurjit K.; Joseph, Christine; Yiqiang, Song; Mendonça, Eneida A.; Jackson, Daniel J.; Luttmann-Gibson, Heike; Zoratti, Edward M.; Wright, Anne L.; Martinez, Fernando D.; Seroogy, Christine M.; Gern, James E.; Gold, Diane R.; Children’s Respiratory and Environmental Workgroup (CREW) Consortium; Epidemiology, School of Public Health
    Importance: In the United States, Black and Hispanic children have higher rates of asthma and asthma-related morbidity compared with White children and disproportionately reside in communities with economic deprivation. Objective: To determine the extent to which neighborhood-level socioeconomic indicators explain racial and ethnic disparities in childhood wheezing and asthma. Design, setting, and participants: The study population comprised children in birth cohorts located throughout the United States that are part of the Children's Respiratory and Environmental Workgroup consortium. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of asthma incidence, and logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of early and persistent wheeze prevalence accounting for mother's education, parental asthma, smoking during pregnancy, child's race and ethnicity, sex, and region and decade of birth. Exposures: Neighborhood-level socioeconomic indicators defined by US census tracts calculated as z scores for multiple tract-level variables relative to the US average linked to participants' birth record address and decade of birth. The parent or caregiver reported the child's race and ethnicity. Main outcomes and measures: Prevalence of early and persistent childhood wheeze and asthma incidence. Results: Of 5809 children, 46% reported wheezing before age 2 years, and 26% reported persistent wheeze through age 11 years. Asthma prevalence by age 11 years varied by cohort, with an overall median prevalence of 25%. Black children (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26-1.73) and Hispanic children (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09-1.53) were at significantly increased risk for asthma incidence compared with White children, with onset occurring earlier in childhood. Children born in tracts with a greater proportion of low-income households, population density, and poverty had increased asthma incidence. Results for early and persistent wheeze were similar. In effect modification analysis, census variables did not significantly modify the association between race and ethnicity and risk for asthma incidence; Black and Hispanic children remained at higher risk for asthma compared with White children across census tracts socioeconomic levels. Conclusions and relevance: Adjusting for individual-level characteristics, we observed neighborhood socioeconomic disparities in childhood wheeze and asthma. Black and Hispanic children had more asthma in neighborhoods of all income levels. Neighborhood- and individual-level characteristics and their root causes should be considered as sources of respiratory health inequities.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Chromosome 17q12-21 Variants Are Associated with Multiple Wheezing Phenotypes in Childhood
    (American Thoracic Society, 2021) Hallmark, Brian; Wegienka, Ganesa; Havstad, Suzanne; Billheimer, Dean; Ownby, Dennis; Mendonca, Eneida A.; Gress, Lisa; Stern, Debra A.; Biagini Myers, Jocelyn; Khurana Hershey, Gurjit K.; Hoepner, Lori; Miller, Rachel L.; Lemanske, Robert F.; Jackson, Daniel J.; Gold, Diane R.; O’Connor, George T.; Nicolae, Dan L.; Gern, James E.; Ober, Carole; Wright, Anne L.; Martinez, Fernando D.; ECHO-CREW; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Rationale: Birth cohort studies have identified several temporal patterns of wheezing, only some of which are associated with asthma. Whether 17q12-21 genetic variants, which are closely associated with asthma, are also associated with childhood wheezing phenotypes remains poorly explored. Objectives: To determine whether wheezing phenotypes, defined by latent class analysis (LCA), are associated with nine 17q12-21 SNPs and if so, whether these relationships differ by race/ancestry. Methods: Data from seven U.S. birth cohorts (n = 3,786) from the CREW (Children’s Respiratory Research and Environment Workgroup) were harmonized to represent whether subjects wheezed in each year of life from birth until age 11 years. LCA was then performed to identify wheeze phenotypes. Genetic associations between SNPs and wheeze phenotypes were assessed separately in European American (EA) (n = 1,308) and, for the first time, in African American (AA) (n = 620) children. Measurements and Main Results: The LCA best supported four latent classes of wheeze: infrequent, transient, late-onset, and persistent. Odds of belonging to any of the three wheezing classes (vs. infrequent) increased with the risk alleles for multiple SNPs in EA children. Only one SNP, rs2305480, showed increased odds of belonging to any wheezing class in both AA and EA children. Conclusions: These results indicate that 17q12-21 is a “wheezing locus,” and this association may reflect an early life susceptibility to respiratory viruses common to all wheezing children. Which children will have their symptoms remit or reoccur during childhood may be independent of the influence of rs2305480.