Browsing by Author "Nyandiko, Winstone Mokaya"

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    Validation of an HIV/AIDS Stigma Measure for Children Living with HIV and Their Families
    (SAGE Publications, 2019-01-01) Vreeman, Rachel Christine; Scanlon, Michael Lawrence; Tu, Wanzhu; Slaven, James; McAteer, Carole; Aluoch, Josephine; Ayaya, Samuel; Nyandiko, Winstone Mokaya; Biostatistics, School of Public Health
    Background: There are few validated tools to measure stigma, particularly among children living with HIV and their families. Methods: This study was nested within a larger study that followed 240 child–caregiver dyads (children aged 10-15 years) at 8 clinics in western Kenya. The stigma instrument was administered to all child–caregiver dyads at 2 time points 6 months apart. The primary end point was to construct validity assessed by comparison to criterion constructs using generalized estimating equation models. Results: Mean age of child participants was 12.3 years and 52% were female. Generally, caregivers reported experiencing higher levels of HIV stigma compared to their children. Children (9%) and caregivers (14%) reported that HIV stigma made them feel stressed, anxious, and depressed. Child and caregiver stigma items showed high construct validity by emotional and behavioral outcomes. Conclusions: The stigma instrument showed high validity when compared to emotional and behavioral outcomes.