Browsing by Author "Norris, Carrie D."

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    The Illusion of Choice: Gender Segregation and the Challenge of Recruiting Women to Radiology
    (Elsevier, 2017-07) Heitkamp, Darel E.; Norris, Carrie D.; Rissing, Stacy M.; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
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    Secondary Otalgia: Referred Pain Pathways and Pathologies
    (American Society of Neuroradiology, 2020-12) Norris, Carrie D.; Koontz, Nicholas A.; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    Otalgia is very common, and when the cause of ear pain is not identified on otoscopy and physical examination, cross-sectional imaging is routinely used to evaluate for potential sources of referred ear pain (secondary otalgia). Innervation of the ear structures is complex, involving multiple upper cervical, lower cranial, and peripheral nerves, which transit and innervate a large anatomic territory involving the brain, spine, skull base, aerodigestive tract, salivary glands, paranasal sinuses, face, orbits, deep spaces of the neck, skin, and viscera. Interpreting radiologists must be familiar with these neural pathways and potential sources of secondary otalgia. The purposes of this review are to detail the currently proposed mechanisms of referred ear pain, review the salient neuroanatomy of the complex pathways responsible for secondary otalgia, highlight important benign and malignant etiologies of referred ear pain, and provide a structured search pattern for approaching these challenging cases on cross-sectional imaging.