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Browsing by Author "Nolè, Franco"
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Item New Frontiers in Prostate Cancer Treatment: Are We Ready for Drug Combinations with Novel Agents?(MDPI, 2020-06-22) Aurilio, Gaetano; Cimadamore, Alessia; Santoni, Matteo; Nolè, Franco; Scarpelli, Marina; Massari, Francesco; Lopez-Beltran, Antonio; Cheng, Liang; Montironi, Rodolfo; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of MedicineMedical treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients has progressively been evolving from a nonspecific clinical approach to genomics-oriented therapies. The scientific community is in fact increasingly focusing on developing DNA damage repair (DDR) defect-driven novel molecules, both as single-agent therapy and in combined treatment strategies. Accordingly, research is under way into combined drug therapies targeting different pathways, e.g. androgen receptor signaling (ARS) and poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes, immune checkpoint (IC) and PARP, IC, and ARS, and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). In an attempt to formulate evolving treatment paradigms in mCRPC patients, here we selected clinical research into patients undergoing therapies with emerging molecules, with particular emphasis towards PARP-, IC-, and PSMA-inhibitors. In order to focus on those molecules and drug combinations most likely to be translated into routine clinical care in the near future, we selected only those clinical studies currently recruiting patients. A PubMed search focusing on the keywords “prostate cancer”, “metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer”, “DDR pathways”, “ARS inhibitors”, “PARP inhibitors”, “IC inhibitors”, “PSMA-targeting agents”, and “drug combinations” was performed.Item The Role of Obesity in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Clinical-Pathological Implications(MDPI, 2019-11-13) Aurilio, Gaetano; Piva, Francesco; Santoni, Matteo; Cimadamore, Alessia; Sorgentoni, Giulia; Lopez-Beltran, Antonio; Cheng, Liang; Battelli, Nicola; Nolè, Franco; Montironi, Rodolfo; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of MedicineObesity is a well-known risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development. However, the RCC–obesity link has not been fully addressed when considering a comprehensive scenario starting from pathogenetic aspects through pathological issues up to the outcome of medical treatment. We therefore conducted an electronic PubMed search using keywords “obesity”, “body mass index”, “overweight”, “renal cell carcinoma/kidney cancer”, “medical treatment”, “targeted therapy”, and “immunotherapy/immune checkpoint inhibitors”. The selected data supported a crosstalk between adipose tissue (adipocytes and other white adipose tissue cells) and cancer cells inducing several signaling pathways that finally stimulated angiogenesis, survival, and cellular proliferation. Accurate sampling of renal sinus fat correlated with a prognostic value. Retrospective clinical evidence in metastatic RCC patients with higher body mass index (BMI) and treated with targeted therapies and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors showed advantageous survival outcomes. Therefore, obesity may influence the course of RCC patients, although the interplay between obesity/BMI and RCC warrants a large prospective confirmation. We are therefore still far from determining a clear role of obesity as a prognostic/predictive factor in metastatic RCC patients undergoing targeted therapy and immunotherapy.