Browsing by Author "Mohanty, Aroop"

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    Global Mpox outbreak: Are we prepared for emerging strains?
    (Elsevier, 2024-08-23) Sah, Ranjit; Srivastava, Shriyansh; Mehta, Rachana; Kumar, Sachin; Sah, Sanjit; Mohanty, Aroop; Feehan , Jack; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Apostolopoulos, Vasso; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    The use of antivirals in the treatment of human monkeypox outbreaks: a systematic review
    (Elsevier, 2023) Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib; Padhi, Bijaya Kumar; Satapathy, Prakasini; Veeramachaneni, Sai D.; Chatterjee, Chandrima; Tripathy, Snehasish; Akhtar, Naushaba; Pradhan, Anindita; Dwivedi, Pradeep; Mohanty, Aroop; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Sah, Ranjit; Al-Tammemi, Ala’a B.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Nowrouzi-Kia, Behdin; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Objectives: Human monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection is a recently declared public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. Besides, there is scant literature available on the use of antivirals in MPXV infection. This systematic review compiles all evidence of various antivirals used on their efficacy and safety and summarizes their mechanisms of action. Methods: A review was done of all original studies mentioning individual patient data on the use of antivirals in patients with MPXV infection. Results: Of the total 487 non-duplicate studies, 18 studies with 71 individuals were included. Tecovirimat was used in 61 individuals, followed by cidofovir in seven and brincidofovir (BCV) in three individuals. Topical trifluridine was used in four ophthalmic cases in addition to tecovirimat. Of the total, 59 (83.1%) were reported to have complete resolution of symptoms; one was experiencing waxing and waning of symptoms, only one (1.8%) had died, and the others were having a resolution of symptoms. The death was thought unrelated to tecovirimat. Elevated hepatic panels were reported among all individuals treated with BCV (leading to treatment discontinuation) and five treated with tecovirimat. Conclusion: Tecovirimat is the most used and has proven beneficial in several aggravating cases. No major safety concerns were detected upon its use. Topical trifluridine was used as an adjuvant treatment option along with tecovirimat. BCV and cidofovir were seldom used, with the latter often being used due to the unavailability of tecovirimat. BCV was associated with treatment discontinuation due to adverse events.
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    Time series modelling and forecasting of Monkeypox outbreak trends Africa's in most affected countries
    (Elsevier, 2024-11-14) Jena, Diptismita; Sridhar, Sathvik Belagodu; Shareef, Javedh; Talath, Sirajunisa; Ballal, Suhas; Kumar, Sanjay; Bhat, Mahakshit; Sharma, Shilpa; Kumar, M. Ravi; Chauhan, Ashish Singh; Gaidhane, Abhay M.; Agarwal, Neha; Bushi, Ganesh; Shabil, Muhammed; Zahiruddin, Quazi Syed; Mohanty, Aroop; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Sah, Ranjit; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: The recent outbreak of Monkeypox (Mpox), particularly the clade 1b variant, have shifted the epidemiological landscape, making it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Africa remains a hotspot with significant ongoing outbreaks, necessitating a focused study on outbreak trends and forecasting to guide health interventions. Methods: This study utilizes a comprehensive dataset from the four most affected African countries, covering weekly and cumulative Mpox cases from August 6, 2023, to August 18, 2024. Time series analysis techniques, including ARIMA models and Join Point Regression, were employed to forecast Mpox trends and analyse the annual percentage change in new cases. Results: Descriptive statistics highlighted significant variability in Mpox cases across the studied regions with the mean cases in Africa at 72.55 and a high standard deviation of 60.885. Forecasting models suggest a continued increase in Mpox cases, with cumulative cases expected to reach 6922.95 by the 65th week (95 % CI: 6158.62 to 7687.27) and new cases projected at 45.93 (95 % CI: -88.17 to 180.04). Conclusion: The study underscores the persistent nature of Mpox outbreaks in Africa and the critical need for continuous surveillance and adaptive public health strategies. The forecasts generated offer valuable insights into potential future trends, aiding in the allocation of resources and the implementation of targeted health interventions to curb the spread of the disease.
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    Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPV)
    (Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 2023-06-01) Mohanty, Aroop; Rohilla, Ranjana; Zaman, Kamran; Hada, Vivek; Dhakal, Surakchhya; Shah, Abhishek; Padhi, Bijaya Kumar; Al-qaim, Zahra Haleem; Altawfiq, Kauthar Jaffar A.; Tirupathi, Raghavendra; Sah, Ranjit; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Poliomyelitis is caused by Poliovirus, a member of a large group of enteroviruses. Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) stem from mutated live poliovirus, which is contained in the Oral Polio Virus vaccine (OPV). In addition, the emergence of VDPV is one of the global challenges for the eradication of poliomyelitis. VDPVs continue to affect different parts of the world; 1081 cases occurred in 2020 and 682 cases in 2021. There are several reasons that may have caused the increase in circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) after the “switch” from the trivalent to the bivalent oral polio vaccine. One reason is the low vaccination rate among the targeted population, which has been further aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Several strategies could control the spread of VDPV including the use of the monovalent OPV (mOPV-2). The risk of VDPV can be minimized through increased immunization rates and the use of safer vaccine alternatives. The global effort to eradicate polio has made significant progress over the years, but continued vigilance and investment in immunization programs are needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a polio-free world.