Browsing by Author "Miller, Vincent A."

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    Genomic Profiling of Advanced-Stage, Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma by Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Frequent, Targetable Genomic Abnormalities and Potential New Treatment Options
    (2015-05) Ross, Jeffrey S.; Badve, Sunil; Wang, Kai; Sheehan, Christine E.; Boguniewicz, Ann B.; Otto, Geoff A.; Yelensky, Roman; Lipson, Doron; Ali, Siraj; Morosini, Deborah; Chliemlecki, Juliann; Elvin, Julia A.; Miller, Vincent A.; Stephens, Philip J.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Context.— Metastatic metaplastic breast carcinoma (MPBC) is an uncommon, but aggressive, tumor resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Objective.— To learn whether next-generation sequencing could identify potential targets of therapy for patients with relapsed and metastatic MPBC. Design.— Hybridization capture of 3769 exons from 236 cancer-related genes and 47 introns of 19 genes commonly rearranged in cancer was applied to a minimum of 50 ng of DNA extracted from 20 MPBC formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens and sequenced to high uniform coverage. Results.— The 20 patients with MPBC had a median age of 62 years (range, 42–86 years). There were 9 squamous (45%), 9 chondroid (45%), and 2 spindle cell (10%) MPBCs, all of which were high grade. Ninety-three genomic alterations were identified, (range, 1–11) with 19 of the 20 cases (95%) harboring an alteration that could potentially lead to a targeted treatment option. The most-common alterations were in TP53 (n = 69; 75%), PIK3CA (n = 37; 40%), MYC (n = 28; 30%), MLL2 (n = 28; 30%), PTEN (n = 23; 25%), CDKN2A/B (n = 19; 20%), CCND3 (n = 14; 15%), CCNE1 (n = 9; 10%), EGFR (n = 9; 10%), and KDM6A (n = 9; 10%); AKT3, CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, FBXW7, FGFR1, HRAS, NF1, PIK3R1, and SRC were each altered in a single case. All 16 MPBCs (100%) that were negative for ERBB2 (HER2) overexpression by immunohistochemistry and/or ERBB2 (HER2) amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization were also uniformly (100%) negative for ERBB2 amplification by next-generation sequencing–based copy-number assessment. Conclusions.— Our results indicate that genomic profiling using next-generation sequencing can identify clinically meaningful alterations that have the potential to guide targeted treatment decisions in most patients with metastatic MPBC.
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    Genomic Profiling of T-Cell Neoplasms Reveals Frequent JAK1 and JAK3 Mutations With Clonal Evasion From Targeted Therapies
    (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2018) Greenplate, Allison; Wang, Kai; Tripathi, Rati M.; Palma, Norma; Ali, Siraj M.; Stephens, Phil J.; Miller, Vincent A.; Shyr, Yu; Guo, Yan; Reddy, Nishitha M.; Kozhaya, Lina; Unutmaz, Derya; Chen, Xueyan; Irish, Jonathan M.; Davé, Utpal P.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Purpose: The promise of precision oncology is that identification of genomic alterations will direct the rational use of molecularly targeted therapy. This approach is particularly applicable to neoplasms that are resistant to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy, like T-cell leukemias and lymphomas. In this study, we tested the feasibility of targeted next-generation sequencing in profiles of diverse T-cell neoplasms and focused on the therapeutic utility of targeting activated JAK1 and JAK3 in an index case. Patients and Methods: Using Foundation One and Foundation One Heme assays, we performed genomic profiling on 91 consecutive T-cell neoplasms for alterations in 405 genes. The samples were sequenced to high uniform coverage with an Illumina HiSeq and averaged a coverage depth of greater than 500× for DNA and more than 8M total pairs for RNA. An index case of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), which was analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing, is presented. T-PLL cells were analyzed by RNA-seq, in vitro drug testing, mass cytometry, and phospho-flow. Results: One third of the samples had genomic aberrations in the JAK-STAT pathway, most often composed of JAK1 and JAK3 gain-of-function mutations. We present an index case of a patient with T-PLL with a clonal JAK1 V658F mutation that responded to ruxolitinib therapy. After relapse developed, an expanded clone that harbored mutant JAK3 M511I and downregulation of the phosphatase, CD45, was identified. We demonstrate that the JAK missense mutations were activating, caused pathway hyperactivation, and conferred cytokine hypersensitivity. Conclusion: These results underscore the utility of profiling occurrences of resistance to standard regimens and support JAK enzymes as rational therapeutic targets for T-cell leukemias and lymphomas.