Browsing by Author "McDonald, Ralph E., 1920-"
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Item A comparison of maxillary arch form between groups of cerebral palsied and normal children(1971) Dummett, Clifton Orrin, Jr.; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; McDonald, Ralph E., 1920-; Roche, James R., 1924-; Shafer, William G.; Garner, La Forrest Dean, 1933-The purpose of this study was to compare the maxillary dental arch form and palatal vault form between 98 cerebral palsied and 76 normal children. All subjects were divided into three categories based on their dental eruption. The cerebral palsy subjects were further divided into the regional classifications of diplegia, paraplegia, hemiplegia, and quadriplegia, and the descriptive classifications of spasticity, athetosis, and mixed. The maxillary dental arch form was described by an index number which reflected intercuspid width, intermolar width, anterior-posterior length, and degree of divergence of the posterior segments. The palatal vault form v1as described by the angle of divergence of the palatal walls at an established reference point from a cross-sectional view. All measurements were made from study models and Xerox photocopies of study model cross-sections. In addition, those occlusal discrepancies that were thought to influence arch form, i.e., posterior unilateral and bilateral crossbite, anterior crossbite, anterior open bite, and posterior dental asymmetry were tabulated. Statistical analysis of the results revealed no significant difference in maxillary dental arch form between the cerebral palsied and normal children. The same held true for palatal vault form. Significant differences did occur between primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions for both cerebral palsied and non-handicapped groups. The results suggest that the neuromuscular handicap has little effect on the form of the maxillary dental arch. On the basis of this study, it appears that there is no particular type of maxillary arch form that is peculiar to cerebral palsy.Item Continued apical development of pulpless permanent teeth following endontic therapy(1968) Camp, Joe Henderson, 1939-; Van Huysen, Grant; Garner, La Forrest Dean, 1933-; Norman, Richard Daviess, 1927-; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; McDonald, Ralph E., 1920-This was a histologic study of continued apical development in the pulpless permanent teeth of dogs. The vital pulps were exposed to the oral fluids for one week. The root canals were filled with either calcium hydroxide and camphorated parachlorophenol (CMCP) or calcium hydroxide and distilled water. A vital dye, Procion red was injected to demonstrate the formation of calcified tissue. After four months, the animals were sacrificed. Decalcified semi-serial sections were studied. In 31 of 61 pulpless permanent teeth, with incompletely developed roots, continued apical development occurred. Apical calcified tissue resembling cementum was observed in 55 per cent of the specimens treated with calcium hydroxide and CMCP and in 42 per cent of those, with calcium hydroxide and distilled water. Complete closure of the apical foramen was observed in 29 and 11 per cent of the specimens respectively. Inflammation of the periapical tissues was present in 48 per cent of the calcium hydroxide and CMCP group and in 79 per cent of the other group. A significant association was found between the degree of inflammation and apical closure, (P<.001) for the calcium hydroxide-CMCP group, (P<.005) for the calcium hydroxide-distilled water group. The results suggest that calcium hydroxide and CMCP was superior to calcium hydroxide and distilled water and that the addition of CMCP to the paste reduced inflammation. Procion dye was shown to be an effective in vivo dental hard tissue marker.Item Dental defects and rubella embryopathy: a clinical study of fifty children(1968) Musselman, Robert Jay; Standish, S. Miles, 1923-2003; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; Garner, La Forrest Dean, 1933-; Cunningham, Donald M.; McDonald, Ralph E., 1920-This study reports the results of the clinical examination of fifty 2 1/2 year old children with congenital defects attributed to infection with prenatal rubella. The results were compared with the results of the clinical examination of fifty normal 2 to 3 year old children. The children with congenital defects attributed to in utero rubella infection had a significantly lower (p<.005) weight at birth and at 2 1/2 years of age. These findings, along with the type and distribution of congenital defects, are in agreement with other reports of children with confirmed rubella embryopathy. The fifty children with rubella embryopathy had a significantly (p<.005) higher incidence of dental defects. Of the rubella children studied, 90 per cent had enamel hypoplasia, 78 per cent had tapered teeth, and 18 per cent had notched anterior teeth. Among the normal children studied, 26 per cent had enamel hypoplasia, 18 per cent had tapered teeth, and none had notched teeth. No other dentofacial abnormalities other than a cleft of the lip and palate in one rubella child were found.Item A histological study of gingival implants into the dental pulp and connective tissue of dogs(1967) Henry, Millicent, 1936-; Mitchell, David F.; Shafer, William G.; Bixler, David; Garner, La Forrest Dean, 1933-; McDonald, Ralph E., 1920-Item Self-application of an anticariogenic prophylaxis paste as a technique for the partial reduction of dental caries performed on a mass treatment basis(1967) Nazhat, Nehal Yahya; Gish, Charles W., 1923-; Hansen, Niles McKendra, 1922-; McDonald, Ralph E., 1920-It has been shown repeatedly that the partial control of dental caries is possible through the use of fluoride compounds, either systemically or topically. Almost all the different treatments, beside water fluoridation, need be conducted by the dentist or dental hygienist. The high ratio of dentist to population, the cost and the time factor limits their uses. The demand for a new method to control dental caries was utilized in which the benefit of the available anticariogenic agents could be given on mass scale, with low cost and which could be conducted with fewer trained personnel. A clinical study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of self-application of a new anticariogenic prophylactic paste on dental caries by means of toothbrush. The self-prophylaxis was conducted each six months, by six-grade school children under supervision after thorough demonstration on proper toothbrushing by the hygienist. After one year the results showed that the self-application of the anticariogenic prophylactic paste resulted in 73.1 and 58.5 per cent reductions in DMFT and DMRS, respectively. Also, the instruction and practice of proper toothbrushing by the children twice a year motivated them to improve their oral hygiene and periodontal condition by 40.0 and 42.0 per cent, respectively. It appears that the partial control of dental caries achieved on mass basis, at low cost and conducted by fewer trained personnel is as effective as the treatment given by the trained personnel.