Browsing by Author "Martinez-Mier, E. A."

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    European Organization for Caries Research Workshop: Methodology for Determination of Potentially Available Fluoride in Toothpastes
    (Karger, 2019-02) Martinez-Mier, E. A.; Tenuta, L. M.; Carey, C. M.; Cury, J. A.; van Loveren, C.; Ekstrand, K.; Ganss, C.; Schulte, A.; Baig, A.; Benzian, H.; Bottenberg, P.; Buijs, M. J.; Ceresa, A.; Carvalho, J. C.; Ellwood, R.; Gonzalez-Cabezas, C.; Holmgren, C.; Knapp, M.; Lippert, Frank; Joiner, A.; Manton, D. J.; Martignon, S.; Mason, S.; Jablonski Momeni, A.; Plett, W.; Rahiotis, C.; Sampaio, F.; Zero, D. T.; Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry
    Toothpastes are the most universally accepted form of fluoride delivery for caries prevention. To provide anti-caries benefits, they must be able to release fluoride during the time of tooth brushing or post brushing into the oral cavity. However, there is no standard accepted procedure to measure how much fluoride in a toothpaste may be (bio) available for release. The European Organization for Caries Research proposed and supported a workshop with experts in fluoride analysis in toothpastes and representatives from industry. The objective of the workshop was to discuss issues surrounding fluoride analysis in toothpaste and reach consensus on terminology and best practices, wherever the available evidence allowed it. Participants received a background paper and heard presentations followed by structured discussion to define the problem. The group also reviewed evidence on the validity, reliability and feasibility of each technique (namely chromatography and fluoride electroanalysis) and discussed their strengths and limitations. Participants were able to reach a consensus on terminology and were also able to identify and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. However, they agreed that most currently available methods were developed for regulatory agencies several decades ago, utilizing the best available data from clinical trials then, but require to be updated. They also agreed that although significant advances to our understanding of the mechanism of action of fluoride in toothpaste have been achieved over the past 4 decades, this clearly is an extraordinarily complex subject and more work remains to be done.
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    An In Vitro Investigation of Anticaries Efficacy of Fluoride Varnishes
    (Allen Press, 2019) Al Dehailan, L.; Martinez-Mier, E. A.; Eckert, G. J.; Lippert, Frank; Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry
    Most currently marketed fluoride varnishes (FVs) have not been evaluated for their effectiveness in preventing dental caries. The objective of this study was to investigate the anticaries efficacy, measured as fluoride release into artificial saliva (AS); change in surface microhardness of early enamel caries lesions; and enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) of 14 commercially available FVs and two control groups. Bovine enamel specimens (5×5 mm) were prepared and assigned to 18 groups (n=12). Early caries lesions were created in the specimens and characterized using Vickers microhardness (VHNlesion). FV was applied to each group of specimens. Immediately afterward, specimens were incubated in 4 mL of AS for 18 hours, which were collected and renewed every hour for the first six hours. AS samples were analyzed for fluoride using an ion-specific electrode. Specimens were then brushed for 20 seconds with toothpaste slurry and subjected to pH cycling consisting of a four-hour/day acid challenge and one-minute treatments with 1100 ppm F dentifrice for five days. Microhardness was measured following pH cycling (VHNpost). EFU was determined using microbiopsy. Acid resistance (eight-hour demin challenge) was performed after pH cycling, and microhardness was measured (VHNart) and compared with baseline values to test the FV impact after pH cycling. One-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis (α=0.05). FVs differed in their release characteristics (mean ± SD ranged from 14.97 ± 2.38 μg/mL to 0.50 ± 0.15 μg/mL), rehardening capability (mean ± SD ranged from 24.3 ± 15.1 to 11.7 ± 12.7), and ability to deliver fluoride to demineralized lesions (mean ± SD ranged from 3303 ± 789 μg/cm3 to 707 ± 238 μg/cm3). Statistically significant but weak linear associations were found between ΔVHN(post – lesion), EFU, and fluoride release (correlations 0.21-0.36). The results of this study demonstrated that differences in FV composition can affect their efficacy in in vitro conditions.
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    Terminology of Dental Caries and Dental Caries Management: Consensus Report of a Workshop Organized by ORCA and Cariology Research Group of IADR
    (Karger, 2020) Machiulskiene, V.; Campus, G.; Carvalho, J. C.; Dige, I.; Ekstrand, K. R.; Jablonski-Momeni, A.; Maltz, M.; Manton, D. J.; Martignon, S.; Martinez-Mier, E. A.; Pitts, N. B.; Schulte, A. G.; Splieth, C. H.; Tenuta, L.; Ferreira Zandona, A.; Nyvad, B.; Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry
    A 2-day workshop of ORCA and the IADR Cariology Research Group was organized to discuss and reach consensus on definitions of the most commonly used terms in cariology. The aims were to identify and to select the most commonly used terms of dental caries and dental caries management and to define them based on current concepts. Terms related to definition, diagnosis, risk assessment, and monitoring of dental caries were included. The Delphi process was used to establish terms to be considered using the nominal group method favored by consensus. Of 222 terms originally suggested by six cariologists from different countries, a total of 59 terms were reviewed after removing duplicates and unnecessary words. Sixteen experts in cariology took part in the process of reaching consensus about the definitions of the selected caries terms. Decisions were made following thorough “round table” discussions of each term and confirmed by secret electronic voting. Full agreement (100%) was reached on 17 terms, while the definitions of 6 terms were below the agreed 80% threshold of consensus. The suggested terminology is recommended for use in research, in public health, as well as in clinical practice.