Browsing by Author "Maggs-Kölling, Gillian"

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    Convergent vegetation fog and dew water use in the Namib Desert
    (Wiley, 2019) Wang, Lixin; Kaseke, Kudzai Farai; Ravi, Sujith; Jiao, Wenzhe; Mushi, Roland; Shuuya, Titus; Maggs-Kölling, Gillian; Earth Sciences, School of Science
    Nonrainfall water inputs (e.g., fog and dew) are the least studied hydrological components in ecohydrology. The importance of nonrainfall waters on vegetation water status in arid ecosystems is receiving increasing attention. However, a clear understanding on how common plant water status benefits from nonrainfall waters, the impacts of different types of fog and dew events on vegetation water status, and the vegetation uptake mechanisms of nonrainfall waters is still lacking. In this study, we used concurrent leaf and soil water potential measurements from 3 years to investigate the species‐specific capacity to utilize moisture from fog and dew within the Namib Desert. Eight common plant species in the Namib Desert were selected. Our results showed that both fog and dew significantly increased soil water potential. Seven of the eight plant species studied responded to fog and dew events, although the magnitude of the response differed. Plants generally showed stronger responses to fog than to dew. Fog timing seemed to be an important factor determining vegetation response; for example, night fog did not affect plant water potential. We also found that Euclea pseudebenus and Faidherbia albida likely exploit fog moisture through foliar uptake. This study provides a first comprehensive assessment of the effects of nonrainfall waters on plant water status within the Namib Desert. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of concurrent leaf and soil water potential measurements to identify the pathways of nonrainfall water use by desert vegetation. Our results fill a knowledge gap in dryland ecohydrology and have important implications for other drylands.
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    Drivers of woody dominance across global drylands
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024-10-11) Biancari, Lucio; Aguiar, Martín R.; Eldridge, David J.; Oñatibia, Gastón R.; Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann; Saiz, Hugo; Gross, Nicolas; Austin, Amy T.; Ochoa, Victoria; Gozalo, Beatriz; Asensio, Sergio; Guirado, Emilio; Valencia, Enrique; Berdugo, Miguel; Plaza, César; Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime; Mendoza, Betty J.; García-Gómez, Miguel; Abedi, Mehdi; Ahumada, Rodrigo J.; Alcántara, Julio M.; Amghar, Fateh; Anadón, José D.; Aramayo, Valeria; Arredondo, Tulio; Bader, Maaike Y.; Bahalkeh, Khadijeh; Ben Salem, Farah; Blaum, Niels; Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Bowker, Matthew; Branquinho, Cristina; Bu, Chongfeng; Byambatsogt, Batbold; Calvo, Dianela A.; Castillo Monroy, Andrea P.; Castro, Helena; Castro-Quezada, Patricio; Chibani, Roukaya; Conceição, Abel A.; Currier, Courtney M.; Donoso, David A.; Dougill, Andrew; Ejtehadi, Hamid; Espinosa, Carlos I.; Fajardo, Alex; Farzam, Mohammad; Ferrante, Daniela; Fraser, Lauchlan H.; Gaitán, Juan J.; Gherardi, Laureano A.; Gusmán-Montalván, Elizabeth; Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M.; Hölzel, Norbert; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth; Hughes, Frederic M.; Jadán, Oswaldo; Jeltsch, Florian; Jentsch, Anke; Ju, Mengchen; Kaseke, Kudzai F.; Kindermann, Liana; Köbel, Melanie; le Roux, Peter C.; Liancourt, Pierre; Linstädter, Anja; Liu, Jushan; Louw, Michelle A.; Maggs-Kölling, Gillian; Malam Issa, Oumarou; Marais, Eugene; Margerie, Pierre; Messeder, João Vitor S.; Mora, Juan P.; Moreno, Gerardo; Munson, Seth M.; Oliva, Gabriel; Pueyo, Yolanda; Quiroga, R. Emiliano; Reed, Sasha C.; Rey, Pedro J.; Rodríguez, Alexandra; Rodríguez, Laura B.; Rolo, Víctor; Ruppert, Jan C.; Sala, Osvaldo; Salah, Ayman; Stavi, Ilan; Stephens, Colton R. A.; Swemmer, Anthony M.; Teixido, Alberto L.; Thomas, Andrew D.; Throop, Heather L.; Tielbörger, Katja; Travers, Samantha K.; van den Brink, Liesbeth; Wagner, Viktoria; Wamiti, Wanyoike; Wang, Deli; Wang, Lixin; Wolff, Peter; Yahdjian, Laura; Zaady, Eli; Maestre, Fernando T.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science
    Increases in the abundance of woody species have been reported to affect the provisioning of ecosystem services in drylands worldwide. However, it is virtually unknown how multiple biotic and abiotic drivers, such as climate, grazing, and fire, interact to determine woody dominance across global drylands. We conducted a standardized field survey in 304 plots across 25 countries to assess how climatic features, soil properties, grazing, and fire affect woody dominance in dryland rangelands. Precipitation, temperature, and grazing were key determinants of tree and shrub dominance. The effects of grazing were determined not solely by grazing pressure but also by the dominant livestock species. Interactions between soil, climate, and grazing and differences in responses to these factors between trees and shrubs were key to understanding changes in woody dominance. Our findings suggest that projected changes in climate and grazing pressure may increase woody dominance in drylands, altering their structure and functioning.
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    Grazing and ecosystem service delivery in global drylands
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2022-11-24) Maestre, Fernando T.; Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann Le; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Eldridge , David J.; Saiz, Hugo; Berdugo, Miguel; Gozalo, Beatriz; Ochoa, Victoria; Guirado, Emilio; García-Gómez, Miguel; Valencia, Enrique; Gaitán, Juan J.; Asensio, Sergio; Mendoza, Betty J.; Plaza, César; Díaz-Martínez, Paloma; Rey, Ana; Hu, Hang-Wei; He, Ji-Zheng; Wang, Jun-Tao; Lehmann, Anika; Rillig, Matthias C.; Cesarz, Simone; Esenhauer, Nico; Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime; Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo; Sala, Osvaldo; Abedi, Mehdi; Ahmadian, Negar; Alados, Concepción L.; Aramayo, Valeria; Amghar, Fateh; Arredondo, Tulio; Ahumada, Rodrigo J.; Bahalkeh, Khadijeh; Ben Salem , Farah; Blaum, Niels; Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Bowker, Matthew A.; Bran, Donaldo; Bu, Chongfeng; Canessa, Rafaella; Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P.; Castro, Helena; Castro, Ignacio; Castro-Quezada, Patricio; Chibani, Roukaya; Conceição , Abel A.; Currier, Courtney M.; Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony; Deák, Balázs; Donoso, David A.; Dougill, Andrew J.; Durán, Jorge; Erdenetsetseg, Batdelger; Espinosa, Carlos I.; Fajardo, Alex; Farzam, Mohammad; Ferrante, Daniela; Frank, Anke S. K.; Fraser, Lauchlan H.; Gherardi, Laureano A.; Greenville, Aaron C.; Guerra, Carlos A.; Gusmán-Montalvan, Elizabeth; Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M.; Hölzel, Norbert; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth; Hughes, Frederic M.; Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo; Jeltsch, Florian; Jentsch, Anke; Kaseke, Kudzai F.; Köbel, Melanie; Koopman, Jessica E.; Leder, Cintia V.; Linstädter, Anja; Le Roux, Peter C.; Li, Xinkai; Liancourt, Pierre; Liu, Jushan; Louw, Michelle A.; Maggs-Kölling, Gillian; Makhalanyane, Thulani P.; Malam Issa, Oumarou; Manzaneda, Antonio J.; Marais, Eugene; Mora, Juan P.; Moreno, Gerardo; Munson, Seth M.; Nunes, Alice; Oliva, Gabriel; Oñatibia, Gastón R.; Peter, Guadalupe; Pivari, Marco O. D.; Pueyo , Yolanda; Quiroga, R. Emiliano; Rahmanian, Soroor; Reed, Sasha C.; Rey, Pedro J.; Richard, Benoit; Rodríguez, Alexandra; Rolo, Víctor; Rubalcaba, Juan G.; Ruppert, Jan C.; Salah, Ayman; Schuchardt, Max A.; Spann, Sedona; Stavi, Ilan; Stephens, Colton R. A.; Swemmer, Anthony M.; Teixido, Alberto L.; Thomas , Andrew D.; Throop, Heather L.; Tielbörger, Katja; Travers, Samantha; Val, James; Valkó, Orsolya; Van Den Brink , Liesbeth; Ayuso, Sergio Valesco; Velbert, Frederike; Wamiti, Wanyoike; Wang, Deli; Wang, Lixin; Wardel, Glenda M.; Yahdjian, Laura; Zaady, Eli; Zhang, Yuanming; Zhou, Xiaobing; Singh, Brajesh K.; Gross, Nicolas; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science
    Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil properties, and biodiversity may occur but have never been addressed simultaneously. Using a standardized survey at 98 sites across six continents, we show that interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil, and biodiversity are critical to explain the delivery of fundamental ecosystem services across drylands worldwide. Increasing grazing pressure reduced ecosystem service delivery in warmer and species-poor drylands, whereas positive effects of grazing were observed in colder and species-rich areas. Considering interactions between grazing and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of dryland ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure.
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    Satellite Observed Positive Impacts of Fog on Vegetation
    (Wiley, 2020-06) Qiao, Na; Zhang, Lifu; Huang, Changping; Jiao, Wenzhe; Maggs-Kölling, Gillian; Marais, Eugene; Wang, Lixin; Earth Sciences, School of Science
    Fog is an important water source for many ecosystems, especially in drylands. Most fog‐vegetation studies focus on individual plant scale; the relationship between fog and vegetation function at larger spatial scales remains unclear. This hinders an accurate prediction of climate change impacts on dryland ecosystems. To this end, we examined the effect of fog on vegetation utilizing both optical and microwave remote sensing‐derived vegetation proxies and fog observations from two locations at Gobabeb and Marble Koppie within the fog‐dominated zone of the Namib Desert. Significantly positive relationships were found between fog and vegetation attributes from optical data at both locations. The positive relationship was also observed for microwave data at Gobabeb. Fog can explain about 10%–30% of variability in vegetation proxies. These findings suggested that fog impacts on vegetation can be quantitatively evaluated from space using remote sensing data, opening a new window for research on fog‐vegetation interactions.