Browsing by Author "Maestre, Fernando T."

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    Drivers of woody dominance across global drylands
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2024-10-11) Biancari, Lucio; Aguiar, Martín R.; Eldridge, David J.; Oñatibia, Gastón R.; Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann; Saiz, Hugo; Gross, Nicolas; Austin, Amy T.; Ochoa, Victoria; Gozalo, Beatriz; Asensio, Sergio; Guirado, Emilio; Valencia, Enrique; Berdugo, Miguel; Plaza, César; Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime; Mendoza, Betty J.; García-Gómez, Miguel; Abedi, Mehdi; Ahumada, Rodrigo J.; Alcántara, Julio M.; Amghar, Fateh; Anadón, José D.; Aramayo, Valeria; Arredondo, Tulio; Bader, Maaike Y.; Bahalkeh, Khadijeh; Ben Salem, Farah; Blaum, Niels; Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Bowker, Matthew; Branquinho, Cristina; Bu, Chongfeng; Byambatsogt, Batbold; Calvo, Dianela A.; Castillo Monroy, Andrea P.; Castro, Helena; Castro-Quezada, Patricio; Chibani, Roukaya; Conceição, Abel A.; Currier, Courtney M.; Donoso, David A.; Dougill, Andrew; Ejtehadi, Hamid; Espinosa, Carlos I.; Fajardo, Alex; Farzam, Mohammad; Ferrante, Daniela; Fraser, Lauchlan H.; Gaitán, Juan J.; Gherardi, Laureano A.; Gusmán-Montalván, Elizabeth; Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M.; Hölzel, Norbert; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth; Hughes, Frederic M.; Jadán, Oswaldo; Jeltsch, Florian; Jentsch, Anke; Ju, Mengchen; Kaseke, Kudzai F.; Kindermann, Liana; Köbel, Melanie; le Roux, Peter C.; Liancourt, Pierre; Linstädter, Anja; Liu, Jushan; Louw, Michelle A.; Maggs-Kölling, Gillian; Malam Issa, Oumarou; Marais, Eugene; Margerie, Pierre; Messeder, João Vitor S.; Mora, Juan P.; Moreno, Gerardo; Munson, Seth M.; Oliva, Gabriel; Pueyo, Yolanda; Quiroga, R. Emiliano; Reed, Sasha C.; Rey, Pedro J.; Rodríguez, Alexandra; Rodríguez, Laura B.; Rolo, Víctor; Ruppert, Jan C.; Sala, Osvaldo; Salah, Ayman; Stavi, Ilan; Stephens, Colton R. A.; Swemmer, Anthony M.; Teixido, Alberto L.; Thomas, Andrew D.; Throop, Heather L.; Tielbörger, Katja; Travers, Samantha K.; van den Brink, Liesbeth; Wagner, Viktoria; Wamiti, Wanyoike; Wang, Deli; Wang, Lixin; Wolff, Peter; Yahdjian, Laura; Zaady, Eli; Maestre, Fernando T.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science
    Increases in the abundance of woody species have been reported to affect the provisioning of ecosystem services in drylands worldwide. However, it is virtually unknown how multiple biotic and abiotic drivers, such as climate, grazing, and fire, interact to determine woody dominance across global drylands. We conducted a standardized field survey in 304 plots across 25 countries to assess how climatic features, soil properties, grazing, and fire affect woody dominance in dryland rangelands. Precipitation, temperature, and grazing were key determinants of tree and shrub dominance. The effects of grazing were determined not solely by grazing pressure but also by the dominant livestock species. Interactions between soil, climate, and grazing and differences in responses to these factors between trees and shrubs were key to understanding changes in woody dominance. Our findings suggest that projected changes in climate and grazing pressure may increase woody dominance in drylands, altering their structure and functioning.
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    Drylands contribute disproportionately to observed global productivity increases
    (Elsevier, 2023-01-30) Wang, Shuai; Fu, Bojie; Wei, Fangli; Piao, Shilong; Maestre, Fernando T.; Wang, Lixin; Jiao, Wenzhe; Liu, Yanxu; Li, Yan; Li, Changjia; Zhao, Wenwu; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science
    Drylands cover about 40% of the terrestrial surface and are sensitive to climate change, but their relative contributions to global vegetation greening and productivity increase in recent decades are still poorly known. Here, by integrating satellite data and biosphere modeling, we showed that drylands contributed more to global gross primary productivity (GPP) increase (65% ± 16%) than to Earth greening (33% ± 15%) observed during 1982–2015. The enhanced productivity per unit leaf area, i.e., light-use efficiency (LUE), was the mechanism behind this pattern. We also found that LUE was more sensitive to soil moisture than to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in drylands, while the opposite was observed (i.e., LUE was more sensitive to VPD) in humid areas. Our findings suggest the importance of using different moisture stress metrics in projecting the vegetation productivity changes of dry versus humid regions and highlight the prominent role of drylands as key controllers of the global carbon cycle.
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    Grazing and ecosystem service delivery in global drylands
    (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2022-11-24) Maestre, Fernando T.; Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann Le; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Eldridge , David J.; Saiz, Hugo; Berdugo, Miguel; Gozalo, Beatriz; Ochoa, Victoria; Guirado, Emilio; García-Gómez, Miguel; Valencia, Enrique; Gaitán, Juan J.; Asensio, Sergio; Mendoza, Betty J.; Plaza, César; Díaz-Martínez, Paloma; Rey, Ana; Hu, Hang-Wei; He, Ji-Zheng; Wang, Jun-Tao; Lehmann, Anika; Rillig, Matthias C.; Cesarz, Simone; Esenhauer, Nico; Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime; Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo; Sala, Osvaldo; Abedi, Mehdi; Ahmadian, Negar; Alados, Concepción L.; Aramayo, Valeria; Amghar, Fateh; Arredondo, Tulio; Ahumada, Rodrigo J.; Bahalkeh, Khadijeh; Ben Salem , Farah; Blaum, Niels; Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Bowker, Matthew A.; Bran, Donaldo; Bu, Chongfeng; Canessa, Rafaella; Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P.; Castro, Helena; Castro, Ignacio; Castro-Quezada, Patricio; Chibani, Roukaya; Conceição , Abel A.; Currier, Courtney M.; Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony; Deák, Balázs; Donoso, David A.; Dougill, Andrew J.; Durán, Jorge; Erdenetsetseg, Batdelger; Espinosa, Carlos I.; Fajardo, Alex; Farzam, Mohammad; Ferrante, Daniela; Frank, Anke S. K.; Fraser, Lauchlan H.; Gherardi, Laureano A.; Greenville, Aaron C.; Guerra, Carlos A.; Gusmán-Montalvan, Elizabeth; Hernández-Hernández, Rosa M.; Hölzel, Norbert; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth; Hughes, Frederic M.; Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo; Jeltsch, Florian; Jentsch, Anke; Kaseke, Kudzai F.; Köbel, Melanie; Koopman, Jessica E.; Leder, Cintia V.; Linstädter, Anja; Le Roux, Peter C.; Li, Xinkai; Liancourt, Pierre; Liu, Jushan; Louw, Michelle A.; Maggs-Kölling, Gillian; Makhalanyane, Thulani P.; Malam Issa, Oumarou; Manzaneda, Antonio J.; Marais, Eugene; Mora, Juan P.; Moreno, Gerardo; Munson, Seth M.; Nunes, Alice; Oliva, Gabriel; Oñatibia, Gastón R.; Peter, Guadalupe; Pivari, Marco O. D.; Pueyo , Yolanda; Quiroga, R. Emiliano; Rahmanian, Soroor; Reed, Sasha C.; Rey, Pedro J.; Richard, Benoit; Rodríguez, Alexandra; Rolo, Víctor; Rubalcaba, Juan G.; Ruppert, Jan C.; Salah, Ayman; Schuchardt, Max A.; Spann, Sedona; Stavi, Ilan; Stephens, Colton R. A.; Swemmer, Anthony M.; Teixido, Alberto L.; Thomas , Andrew D.; Throop, Heather L.; Tielbörger, Katja; Travers, Samantha; Val, James; Valkó, Orsolya; Van Den Brink , Liesbeth; Ayuso, Sergio Valesco; Velbert, Frederike; Wamiti, Wanyoike; Wang, Deli; Wang, Lixin; Wardel, Glenda M.; Yahdjian, Laura; Zaady, Eli; Zhang, Yuanming; Zhou, Xiaobing; Singh, Brajesh K.; Gross, Nicolas; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science
    Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil properties, and biodiversity may occur but have never been addressed simultaneously. Using a standardized survey at 98 sites across six continents, we show that interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil, and biodiversity are critical to explain the delivery of fundamental ecosystem services across drylands worldwide. Increasing grazing pressure reduced ecosystem service delivery in warmer and species-poor drylands, whereas positive effects of grazing were observed in colder and species-rich areas. Considering interactions between grazing and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of dryland ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure.
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    Sand burial compensates for the negative effects of erosion on the dune-building shrub Artemisia wudanica
    (2014-01) Liu, Bo; Liu, Zhimin; Lü, Xiaotao; Maestre, Fernando T.; Wang, Lixin
    Aims Plant species response to erosion or burial has been extensively studied, but few studies have examined the combined effects of erosion and subsequent burial on plants. In active sand dunes of northern China, Artemisia wudanica falls to the ground following wind erosion, accumulating sand among fallen stems in a process that may facilitate its further growth and development. Therefore, we hypothesize that subsequent sand burial might compensate for the negative effects of erosion in the growth of A. wudanica. Methods A common garden experiment was conducted using A. wudanica seedlings to evaluate their growth in response to different degrees of burial and erosion as observed at the field. Seedlings were selected and randomly assigned to six erosion treatments, two burial treatments, twelve erosion and subsequent burial treatments, and control. Each treatment was replicated six times. Results Compared with the control treatment, total biomass and the relative growth rate of shoots were stimulated in the erosion and subsequent burial treatments (significantly under the 10 cm burial), hampered in erosion only treatments, and were not affected in the burial only treatments. Adventitious roots and ramets were only observed under burial only and erosion and subsequent burial treatments. Conclusions Our results indicate that subsequent sand burial following erosion compensate for the negative effects of erosion on the growth of A. wudanica seedlings, and greatly contributed to their tolerance to wind erosion.