- Browse by Author
Browsing by Author "Mach, Phillip M."
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Direct Analysis of Aerosolized Chemical Warfare Simulants Captured on a Modified Glass-Based Substrate by “Paper-Spray” Ionization(ACS, 2017-09) Dhummakupt, Elizabeth S.; Mach, Phillip M.; Carmany, Daniel; Demond, Paul S.; Moran, Theodore S.; Connell, Theresa; Wylie, Harold S.; Manicke, Nicholas E.; Nilles, J. Michael; Glaros, Trevor; Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of SciencePaper spray ionization mass spectrometry offers a rapid alternative platform requiring no sample preparation. Aerosolized chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants trimethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, and diisopropyl methylphosphonate were captured by passing air through a glass fiber filter disk within a disposable paper spray cartridge. CWA simulants were aerosolized at varying concentrations using an in-house built aerosol chamber. A custom 3D-printed holder was designed and built to facilitate the aerosol capture onto the paper spray cartridges. The air flow through each of the collection devices was maintained equally to ensure the same volume of air sampled across methods. Each approach yielded linear calibration curves with R2 values between 0.98–0.99 for each compound and similar limits of detection in terms of disbursed aerosol concentration. While the glass fiber filter disk has a higher capture efficiency (≈40%), the paper spray method produces analogous results even with a lower capture efficiency (≈1%). Improvements were made to include glass fiber filters as the substrate within the paper spray cartridge consumable. Glass fiber filters were then treated with ammonium sulfate to decrease chemical interaction with the simulants. This allowed for improved direct aerosol capture efficiency (>40%). Ultimately, the limits of detection were reduced to levels comparable to current worker population limits of 1 × 10–6 mg/m3.Item Paper Spray Ionization: Applications and Perspectives(Elsevier, 2019) McBride, Ethan M.; Mach, Phillip M.; Dhummakupt, Elizabeth S.; Dowling, Sarah; Carmany, Daniel O.; Demond, Paul S.; Rizzo, Gabrielle; Manicke, Nicholas E.; Glaros, Trevor; Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of SciencePaper spray ionization has grown to become one of the most successful ambient ionization methods within the past decade. Requiring little to no sample preparation and being remarkably simple to construct, this technique has seen application in a wide number of fields. This review approaches the mechanism of how paper spray works, and seeks to better classify what it is and is not in a rapidly expanding field of ambient techniques. Additionally, many applications of the technique in clinical, forensic, environmental, and reaction monitoring regimes are explored. Finally, perspectives towards the future of how paper spray could be utilized will be expanded upon, including unexplored substrates and possibilities for the 'omics space.Item Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Combined with Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry for Low-Cost Collection and Analysis of Drug Residues(American Chemical Society (ACS), 2021-09-28) Nguyen, Chau Bao; Wichert, William R. A.; Carmany, Daniel O.; McBride, Ethan M.; Mach, Phillip M.; Dhummakupt, Elizabeth S.; Glaros, Trevor; Manicke, Nicholas E.; Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of ScienceIllicit drug use causes over half a million deaths worldwide every year. Drugs of abuse are commonly smuggled through customs and border checkpoints and, increasingly, through parcel delivery services. Improved methods for detection of trace drug residues from surfaces are needed. Such methods should be robust, fieldable, sensitive, and capable of detecting a wide range of drugs. In this work, commercially produced paper with a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating was utilized for the collection and analysis of trace drug residues by paper spray mass spectrometry (MS). This modified substrate was used to combine sample collection of drug residues from surfaces with rapid detection using a single paper spray ticket. The all-in-one ticket was used to probe different surfaces commonly encountered in forensic work including clothing, cardboard, glass, concrete, asphalt, and aluminum. A total of 10 drugs (acetyl fentanyl, fentanyl, clonazolam, cocaine, heroin, ketamine, methamphetamine, methylone, U-47700, and XLR-11) were evaluated and found to be detectable in the picogram range using a benchtop mass spectrometer and in the low nanogram range using a portable ion trap MS. The novel approach demonstrates a simple yet effective sampling strategy, allowing for rapid identification from difficult surfaces via paper spray mass spectrometry.