Browsing by Author "Liu, Chiung-ju"

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    Effects of physical exercise in older adults with reduced physical capacity: meta-analysis of resistance exercise and multimodal exercise
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2017-12) Liu, Chiung-ju; Chang, Wen-pin; de Carvalho, Islene Araujo; Savage, Katie E. L.; Radford, Lori W.; Thiyagarajan, Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli; Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
    Older adults with reduced physical capacity are at greater risk of progression to care dependency. Progressive resistance strength exercise and multimodal exercise have been studied to restore reduced physical capacity. To summarize the best evidence of the two exercise regimes, this meta-analysis study appraised randomized-controlled trials from published systematic reviews. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials were searched for relevant systematic reviews. Two reviewers independently screened the relevant systematic reviews to identify eligible trials, assessed trial methodological quality, and extracted data. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze data on muscle strength, physical functioning, activities of daily living, and falls. Twenty-three eligible trials were identified from 22 systematic reviews. The mean age of the trial participants was 75 years or older. Almost all multimodal exercise trials included muscle strengthening exercise and balance exercise. Progressive resistance exercise is effective in improving muscle strength of the lower extremity and static standing balance. Multimodal exercise is effective in improving muscle strength of the lower extremity, dynamic standing balance, gait speed, and chair stand. In addition, multimodal exercise is effective in reducing falls. Neither type of exercise was effective in improving activities of daily living. For older adults with reduced physical capacity, multimodal exercise appears to have a broad effect on improving muscle strength, balance, and physical functioning of the lower extremity, and reducing falls relative to progressive resistance exercise alone.
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    The Nexus of Sensory Loss, Cognitive Impairment, and Functional Decline in Older Adults: A Scoping Review
    (Oxford Academic, 2022-10) Liu, Chiung-ju; Chang, Pei-Shiun; Griffith, Cheryl F; Hanley, Stephanie I; Lu, Yvonne; School of Nursing
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of cognitive impairment and sensory loss in hearing or vision increases with age. Based on the Information Processing Model, cognitive impairment coupled with sensory loss may exacerbate disability in late life. Yet this issue has not been systematically studied. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the literature that studied the relationship between cognitive impairment, sensory loss, and activities of daily living in older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Two reviewers independently screened 1,410 studies identified from 5 electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, and Web of Science). The search was completed in June 2020. A study was eligible if it included measurements of cognitive function, vision or hearing, and activities of daily living. Additionally, the data analyses must address how cognitive impairment and sensory loss are related to the performance of activities of daily living. RESULTS: The final review included 15 studies. Findings show an additive effect of cognitive impairment and sensory loss on the activities of daily living. Cognitive impairment or vision loss independently relates to the decline in activities of daily living. Hearing loss relates to the decline only when the loss is severe, or if the daily task is hearing - specific. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Older adults with coexisting sensory loss and cognitive impairment have the highest risk or prevalence of disability, comparing to cognitive impairment or sensory loss alone. This finding highlights the importance of developing interventions to reduce the risk of disability for older adults experiencing multiple impairments.
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    Predicting hand function in older adults: evaluations of grip strength, arm curl strength, and manual dexterity
    (Springer, 2016) Liu, Chiung-ju; Schuman, Deana; Fredrick, Aaron; Bertram, Jessica; Utley, Kristen; Fess, Elaine Ewing; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
    Background Hand function is critical for independence in activities of daily living for older adults. Aims The purpose of this study was to examine how grip strength, arm curl strength, and manual dexterous coordination contributed to time-based versus self-report assessment of hand function in community-dwelling older adults. Methods Adults aged ≥60 years without low vision or neurological disorders were recruited. Purdue Pegboard Test, Jamar hand dynamometer, 30-second arm curl test, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, and the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument were administered to assess manual dexterous coordination, grip strength, arm curl strength, time-based hand function, and self-report of hand function, respectively. Results Eighty-four adults (mean age = 72 years) completed the study. Hierarchical multiple regressions show that older adults with better arm curl strength (β = −.25, p < .01) and manual dexterous coordination (β = −.52, p < .01) performed better on the time-based hand function test. In comparison, older adults with better grip strength (β = .40, p < .01), arm curl strength (β = .23, p < .05), and manual dexterous coordination (β = .23, p < .05) were associated with better self-report of upper extremity function. Conclusions The relationship between grip strength and hand function may be test-specific. Grip strength becomes a significant factor when the test requires grip strength to successfully complete the test tasks. Arm curl strength independently contributed to hand function in both time-based and self-report assessments, indicating that strength of extrinsic muscles of the hand are essential for hand function.
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    Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults
    (Wiley, 2009-07-08) Liu, Chiung-ju; Latham, Nancy K.; Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
    Liu, C., & Latham, N. K. (2009). Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), CD002759. http://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002759.pub2
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    Silver Hoosiers - Health and Aging Research Lab
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2010-04-09) Liu, Chiung-ju
    Facing the challenge of an entire nation growing older rapidly, the mission of the Silver Hoosiers-Health and Aging Research Lab is to promote health and independence in seniors. Located in the Department of Occupational Therapy within the School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, this lab is led by Dr. Chiung-ju (CJ) Liu, a gerontologist, and collaborates from other schools including the School of Nursing and the School of Informatics. The poster will showcase the research conducted at the Silver Hoosiers-Health and Aging Research Lab. The lab research foci include 1) health literacy and comprehension, 2) muscle strength training and physical disability, and 3) systematic review and evidence-based practice. Dr. Liu’s health literacy work focuses on increasing accessibility of complex written health information (i.e. cancer prevention and instructions of medical devices) to seniors through the application of text cohesion and multimedia. The lab is equipped with sophisticated eye-tracking technology to study information processing load. Dr. Liu’s muscle strength training work examines the effects of progressive resistance strength training on physical functioning in older adults via meta-analysis. Additionally, Dr. Liu is in partnership with the American Occupational Therapy Association in reviewing the effects of environmental approaches on improving daily function in older adults with low vision. The aim of her review work is to provide the best research evidence to guide clinical practice. The impact of gaining is multidimensional. The lab welcomes collaborators interested in aging-related issues that share the same view of the lab’s mission.
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    Systematic review of functional training on muscle strength, physical functioning, and activities of daily living in older adults
    (Springer, 2014-10) Liu, Chiung-ju; Shiroy, Deepika M.; Jones, Leah Y.; Clark, Daniel O.; Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
    Exercise programs are often recommended for preventing or delaying late-life disability. Programs that incorporate functional training, which uses movements similar to performing activities of daily living, may be suitable for such recommendation. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of functional training on muscle strength, physical functioning, and activities of daily living in older adults. Studies in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were searched, screened, and appraised. Thirteen studies were included in the review. These studies vary greatly in participant recruitment criteria, functional training content, and selection of comparison groups. Mobility exercises were the most common element in functional training across studies. Results show beneficial effects on muscle strength, balance, mobility, and activities of daily living, particularly when the training content was specific to that outcome. Functional training may be used to improve functional performance in older adults.
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    Task-Oriented Exercise to Reduce Activities of Daily Living Disability in Vulnerable Older Adults: A Feasibility Study of the 3-Step Workout for Life
    (Human Kinetics, 2016-07) Liu, Chiung-ju; Jones, Leah Y.; Formyduval, Alyssa R. M.; Clark, Daniel O.; Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
    The purpose of this feasibility study was to evaluate the 3-Step Workout for Life program, a 10-week exercise program that included moderate-intensity muscle strength training followed by task-oriented training. Fourteen participants completed the program (mean age = 73 years; SD = 6.83). The Box and Block test (Z = -2.24, p = .03) and the 30-s chair stand test (Z = -2.21, p = .03) indicate improved physical functioning of the upper and lower extremities. More importantly, results of the function component from the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (Z = -2.04, p = .04) and motor skills scale from the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (Z = -2.97, p = .003) indicate subjective and objective improvements on performing activities of daily living. Supplementing moderate-intensity muscle strength exercise with task-oriented training components is feasible. Preliminary data support the effectiveness of 3-Step Workout for Life in reducing late-life disability.
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    What Are the Correlations Between Muscle Strength, Motor Coordination, and Daily Function of the Upper Extremities in Older Adults?
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Roby, Keishona; Liu, Chiung-ju; Gutierrez, Alyssa
    Muscle strength is a basic body function needed to perform everyday activities. Therefore, age-related decline in muscle strength may impair older adults’ independence at home. Age-related decline in muscle strength occurs in the lower and upper extremities. The literature has shown a strong correlation between the loss of muscle strength in the lower extremities and mobility disability. However, little is known about the loss of muscle strength in the upper extremities and daily function. The purpose of this study is to estimate how muscle strength relates to motor coordination and daily function in the upper extremities of older adults. We plan to recruit 50 community dwelling older adults without major neurological disorders in a cross-sectional study. We have tested 18 participants (36% of our expected total) with an average age of 69 (SD = 4.5). Participants tested so far include 6 males and 12 females, in which 7 were African American and 11 were Caucasian. The average grip strength was 23.6 kg (SD = 10.1). The average number of arm curls done in 30 seconds were 12.7 (SD = 4.4). The average score from the Purdue Pegboard was 9.7 (SD = 1.9). The average score of the upper extremity function measure by the Late Life Function & Disability was 74.1 (SD = 13.8). The correlations among variables will be calculated when we reach the recruitment goal of 50 participants.