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Browsing by Author "Laureys, Steven"
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Item Mapping the functional connectome traits of levels of consciousness(Elsevier, 2017-03) Amico, Enrico; Marinazzo, Daniele; DiPerri, Carol; Heine, Lizette; Annen, Jitka; Martial, Charlotte; Dzemidzic, Mario; Laureys, Steven; Goñi, Joaquín; Department of Neurology, School of MedicineExamining task-free functional connectivity (FC) in the human brain offers insights on how spontaneous integration and segregation of information relate to human cognition, and how this organization may be altered in different conditions, and neurological disorders. This is particularly relevant for patients in disorders of consciousness (DOC) following severe acquired brain damage and coma, one of the most devastating conditions in modern medical care. We present a novel data-driven methodology, connICA, which implements Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for the extraction of robust independent FC patterns (FC-traits) from a set of individual functional connectomes, without imposing any a priori data stratification into groups. We here apply connICA to investigate associations between network traits derived from task-free FC and cognitive/clinical features that define levels of consciousness. Three main independent FC-traits were identified and linked to consciousness-related clinical features. The first one represents the functional configuration of a “resting” human brain, and it is associated to a sedative (sevoflurane), the overall effect of the pathology and the level of arousal. The second FC-trait reflects the disconnection of the visual and sensory-motor connectivity patterns. It also relates to the time since the insult and to the ability of communicating with the external environment. The third FC-trait isolates the connectivity pattern encompassing the fronto-parietal and the default-mode network areas as well as the interaction between left and right hemispheres, which are also associated to the awareness of the self and its surroundings. Each FC-trait represents a distinct functional process with a role in the degradation of conscious states of functional brain networks, shedding further light on the functional sub-circuits that get disrupted in severe brain-damage.Item Proceedings of the Second Curing Coma Campaign NIH Symposium: Challenging the Future of Research for Coma and Disorders of Consciousness(Springer, 2022) Mainali, Shraddha; Aiyagari, Venkatesh; Alexander, Sheila; Bodien, Yelena; Boerwinkle, Varina; Boly, Melanie; Brown, Emery; Brown, Jeremy; Claassen, Jan; Edlow, Brian L.; Fink, Ericka L.; Fins, Joseph J.; Foreman, Brandon; Frontera, Jennifer; Geocadin, Romergryko G.; Giacino, Joseph; Gilmore, Emily J.; Gosseries, Olivia; Hammond, Flora; Helbok, Raimund; Hemphill, J. Claude; Hirsch, Karen; Kim, Keri; Laureys, Steven; Lewis, Ariane; Ling, Geoffrey; Livesay, Sarah L.; McCredie, Victoria; McNett, Molly; Menon, David; Molteni, Erika; Olson, DaiWai; O’Phelan, Kristine; Park, Soojin; Polizzotto, Len; Provencio, Jose Javier; Puybasset, Louis; Venkatasubba Rao, Chethan P.; Robertson, Courtney; Rohaut, Benjamin; Rubin, Michael; Sharshar, Tarek; Shutter, Lori; Silva, Gisele Sampaio; Smith, Wade; Steven, Robert D.; Thibaut, Aurore; Vespa, Paul; Wagner, Amy K.; Ziai, Wendy C.; Zink, Elizabeth; Suarez, Jose I.; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of MedicineThis proceedings article presents actionable research targets on the basis of the presentations and discussions at the 2nd Curing Coma National Institutes of Health (NIH) symposium held from May 3 to May 5, 2021. Here, we summarize the background, research priorities, panel discussions, and deliverables discussed during the symposium across six major domains related to disorders of consciousness. The six domains include (1) Biology of Coma, (2) Coma Database, (3) Neuroprognostication, (4) Care of Comatose Patients, (5) Early Clinical Trials, and (6) Long-term Recovery. Following the 1st Curing Coma NIH virtual symposium held on September 9 to September 10, 2020, six workgroups, each consisting of field experts in respective domains, were formed and tasked with identifying gaps and developing key priorities and deliverables to advance the mission of the Curing Coma Campaign. The highly interactive and inspiring presentations and panel discussions during the 3-day virtual NIH symposium identified several action items for the Curing Coma Campaign mission, which we summarize in this article.Item Research Needs for Prognostic Modeling and Trajectory Analysis in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness(Springer, 2021) Hammond, Flora M.; Katta-Charles, Sheryl; Russell, Mary Beth; Zafonte, Ross D.; Claassen, Jan; Wagner, Amy K.; Puybasset, Louis; Egawa, Satoshi; Laureys, Steven; Diringer, Michael; Stevens, Robert D.; Curing Coma Campaign and its Contributing Members; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of MedicineBackground: The current state of the science regarding the care and prognosis of patients with disorders of consciousness is limited. Scientific advances are needed to improve the accuracy, relevance, and approach to prognostication, thereby providing the foundation to develop meaningful and effective interventions. Methods: To address this need, an interdisciplinary expert panel was created as part of the Coma Science Working Group of the Neurocritical Care Society Curing Coma Campaign. Results: The panel performed a gap analysis which identified seven research needs for prognostic modeling and trajectory analysis ("recovery science") in patients with disorders of consciousness: (1) to define the variables that predict outcomes; (2) to define meaningful intermediate outcomes at specific time points for different endotypes; (3) to describe recovery trajectories in the absence of limitations to care; (4) to harness big data and develop analytic methods to prognosticate more accurately; (5) to identify key elements and processes for communicating prognostic uncertainty over time; (6) to identify health care delivery models that facilitate recovery and recovery science; and (7) to advocate for changes in the health care delivery system needed to advance recovery science and implement already-known best practices. Conclusion: This report summarizes the current research available to inform the proposed research needs, articulates key elements within each area, and discusses the goals and advances in recovery science and care anticipated by successfully addressing these needs.