Browsing by Author "Krambeck, Amy E."

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    Catheter Removal on the Same Day of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: Outcomes of a Pilot Study
    (Elsevier, 2020-10-09) Agarwal, Deepak K.; Rivera, Marcelino E.; Nottingham, Charles U.; Large, Tim; Krambeck, Amy E.; Urology, School of Medicine
    Objectives: To determine if same day catheter removal is feasible in select population after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Methods: We performed an analysis of patients undergoing HoLEP at our institution who underwent same-day catheter removal after HoLEP. All HoLEPs were performed with Moses Optimized for BPH. Patients were dismissed from postoperative recovery unit (POCU) to the clinic for catheter removal and voiding trial. Results: To date, 30 patients have undergone same day catheter removal. Median age is 68.6 years (IQR 61.8-73.3) and preoperative prostate volume 81 ml (IQR 53-114.8). Median enucleation time was 39.5 min (IQR 30.5-53), morcellation time was 5 min (IQR 4-12 min) and enucleated specimen weight was 52.5 g (IQR 33-81). 27 (90%) patients successfully voided on the same day without requiring catheter replacement. All patients were catheter free by POD1. For patients who successfully passed their voiding trial, the median time from the end of the procedure to hospital discharge was 2.6 hours (IQR (2.1-2.9) and from the end of the HoLEP to catheter removal was 4.9 hours (IQR 3.5-6.0). Conclusions: We present for the first time that same day catheter removal is a feasible option in a select population of patients undergoing HoLEP. With more study, this has the potential for transforming the management of BPH, especially larger glands.
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    Clinical and Metabolic Correlates of Pure Stone Subtypes
    (Liebert, 2021) Brinkman, John E.; Large, Tim; Nottingham, Charles U.; Stoughton, Christa; Krambeck, Amy E.; Urology, School of Medicine
    Background: There are multiple stone types, each forming under different urinary conditions. We compared clinical and metabolic findings in pure stone formers to understand if there are consistent factors that differentiate these groups in terms of underlying etiology and potential for empiric treatment. Materials and Methods: Pure SFs based on infrared spectroscopic analysis of stones obtained at our institution between 01/2002 and 07/2018 with a corresponding 24-hour urinalysis were retrospectively evaluated. Results: 121 apatite, 54 brushite, 50 calcium oxalate dihydrate, 104 calcium oxalate monohydrate, and 82 uric acid patients were analyzed. Apatite, brushite, and calcium oxalate dihydrate patients were younger than calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid patients. Uric acid patients had the highest male predominance (76.8%), while apatite patients were predominantly female (80.2%). Uric acid was most associated with diabetes mellitus (45.3%), and calcium oxalate monohydrate with cardiovascular disease (27.2%) and malabsorptive gastrointestinal conditions (19.2%). Brushite patients had the highest prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism (17%). Apatite, brushite, and calcium oxalate dihydrate patients demonstrated high rates of hypercalciuria (66.1%, 79.6%, 82%). Apatite and brushite patients had the highest urinary pH. Apatite patients exhibited the highest rate of hypocitraturia while calcium oxalate dihydrate patients exhibited the lowest (55.4%, 30%). Calcium oxalate monohydrate patients had the highest rate of hyperoxaluria (51.9%). Uric acid patients had the lowest urinary pH. There were no observable differences in the rates of hyperuricosuria or hypernatriuria. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that pure stone composition correlates with certain urinary and clinical characteristics. This data can help guide empiric clinical decision-making.
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    Comparison of cost-effectiveness and postoperative outcomes following integration of a stiff shaft glidewire into percutaneous nephrolithotripsy
    (Sage, 2021-08-22) Valadon, Crystal; Abedali, Zain A.; Nottingham, Charles U.; Large, Tim; Krambeck, Amy E.; Urology, School of Medicine
    Aims: To analyze the cost effectiveness of integrating a stiff shaft glidewire (SSGW) in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) relative to standard technique (ST). This is prudent because healthcare providers are experiencing increased pressure to improve procedure-related cost containment. Methods: ST for PCNL at our institution involves a hydrophilic glidewire during initial percutaneous access and then two new stiff shaft wires. The SSGW is a hydrophilic wire used for initial access and the remainder of the procedure. We collected operating room (OR) costs for all primary, unilateral PCNL cases over a 5-month period during which ST for PCNL was used at a single institution with a single surgeon and compared with a 6-month period during which a SSGW was used. Mean costs for each period were then compared along with stone-free rates and complications. Results: We included 17 total cases in the ST group and 22 in the SSGW group. The average operating room supply cost for the ST group was $1937.32 and $1559.39 in the SSGW group. The net difference of $377.93 represents a nearly 20% decrease in cost. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.031). There was no difference in postoperative stone-free rates (82.4% versus 86.4%, p = 1.0, respectively) or complications (23.5% versus 13.6%, p = 0.677, respectively) between ST and SSGW groups. Conclusion: Transitioning to a SSGW has reduced OR supply cost by reducing the number of supplies required. The change in wire did not affect stone-free rates or complications.
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    Comparison of Newly Optimized Moses Technology vs Standard Holmium: YAG for Endoscopic Laser Enucleation of the Prostate
    (Liebert, 2021-12) Nottingham, Charles U.; Large, Tim; Agarwal, Deepak K.; Rivera, Marcelino E.; Krambeck, Amy E.; Urology, School of Medicine
    Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe our initial experience of using a newly optimized Moses technology that is part of the second-generation Moses platform specifically designed for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (M2-HoLEP) and compare it with patients undergoing HoLEP using standard holmium:YAG technology (S-HoLEP). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected data on patients who underwent M2-HoLEP and compared it with the last 50 patients in whom we performed S-HoLEP. Specifically, we compared preoperative symptom scores for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED), preoperative objective voiding metrics, as well as intraoperative characteristics, perioperative characteristics, postoperative complications, postoperative symptom scores for LUTS and ED, and postoperative objective voiding metrics. Additionally, we evaluated the ability for same-day discharge following surgery in the M2-HoLEP group. Results: We included 104 total patients for analysis. We compared the first 54 patients undergoing M2-HoLEP with 50 patients undergoing S-HoLEP. Both groups had similar age, body mass index, use of anticoagulation medication, LUTS and ED scores, and objective voiding metrics. Operations performed with M2-HoLEP had faster mean hemostasis time (8.7 vs 10.6 ± 6 minutes, p = 0.03) as well as hemostasis rate (0.13 vs 0.30 min/g, p = 0.01). Same-day discharge was achieved in 69.4% of patients in the M2-HoLEP group. Postoperatively, both groups also had similar and low rates of urinary retention and complications. At follow-up, both groups had similar symptom scores for LUTS and ED, as well as similar objective voiding metrics. Conclusions: The newly optimized Moses pulse modulation technology is safe and efficient for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. Such technologic improvements in the laser have greatly enhanced the feasibility of same-day discharge of patients undergoing HoLEP.
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    Correlating Patient Anxiety with Urinary Symptoms Before and After Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate
    (Liebert, 2020) Nottingham, Charles U.; Agarwal, Deepak K.; Valadon, Crystal; Large, Tim; Rivera, Marcelino E.; Krambeck, Amy E.; Urology, School of Medicine
    Introduction and Objective: Preoperative anxiety has been shown to correlate with certain urinary symptoms in patients with certain types of voiding dysfunction, particularly overactive bladder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if patient-reported anxiety correlates with pathologic characteristics, voiding symptoms, and objective metrics of bladder emptying in male patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Patients and Methods: We began collecting patient-reported anxiety scores (generalized anxiety disorder 7-item or GAD-7) in addition to patient-reported scores of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) starting in November 2018 for men with LUTS due to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). We retrospectively evaluated the relationship between preoperative GAD-7 score with preoperative age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative urine flow metrics, preoperative postvoid residual (PVR), and preoperative symptom scores for LUTS (American Urological Association, BPH impact index [BII], and Michigan incontinence symptom index [MISI]) and ED (sexual health inventory for men and male sexual health questionnaire for ejaculatory dysfunction [MSHQ-EjD]). We then compared preoperative GAD-7 score with enucleated prostate weight, postoperative GAD-7 scores, postoperative urine flow metrics, postoperative PVR, and postoperative symptom scores for LUTS and ED. Results: We included 139 patients for analysis. The preoperative GAD-7 score positively correlated with preoperative BII scores (rs = 0.202, p = 0.019), MISI total (rs = 0.260, p = 0.002), and MISI bother (rs = 0.345, p < 0.001) scores. Preoperative GAD-7 negatively correlated with preoperative MSHQ-EjD (rs = −0.191, p = 0.031). Following HoLEP, all four of these correlations disappear. The GAD-7 score did not correlate with age, BMI, preoperative urine flow metrics, preoperative PVR, or other preoperative LUTS and ED symptom scores. In addition, preoperative GAD-7 score showed no correlation with enucleated prostate weight, postoperative urine flow metrics, postoperative PVR, and postoperative LUTS and ED symptom scores. Conclusions: Higher preoperative anxiety correlated with more severe preoperative urinary LUTS, particularly incontinence symptoms, in patients undergoing HoLEP. Following HoLEP, these symptoms improve regardless of patient anxiety level.
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    Critical Assessment of Single-Use Ureteroscopes in an In Vivo Porcine Model
    (Hindawi, 2020-04-27) Ceballos, Brian; Nottingham, Charles U.; Bechis, Seth K.; Sur, Roger L.; Matlaga, Brian R.; Krambeck, Amy E.; Urology, School of Medicine
    Methods A female pig was placed under general anesthesia and positioned supine, and retrograde access to the renal collecting system was obtained. The LithoVue (Boston Scientific) and Uscope (Pusen Medical) were evaluated by three experienced surgeons, and each surgeon started with a new scope. The following parameters were compared between each ureteroscope: time for navigation to upper and lower pole calyces with and without implements (1.9 F basket, 200 μm laser fiber, and 365 μm laser fiber for upper only) in the working channel and subjective evaluations of maneuverability, irrigant flow through the scope, lever force, ergonomics, and scope optics. Results Navigation to the lower pole calyx was significantly faster with LithoVue compared to Uscope when the working channel was empty (24.3 vs. 49.4 seconds, p < 0.01) and with a 200 μm fiber (63.6 vs. 94.4 seconds, p=0.04), but not with the 1.9 F basket. Navigation to the upper pole calyx was similar for all categories except faster with LithoVue containing the 365 μm fiber (67.1 vs. 99.7 seconds, p=0.02). Subjective assessments of scope maneuverability to upper and lower pole calyces when the scope was empty and with implements favored LithoVue in all categories, as did assessments of irrigant flow, illumination, image quality, and field of view. Both scopes had similar scores of lever force and ergonomics. Conclusions In an in vivo porcine model, the type of single-use ureteroscope employed affected the navigation times and subjective assessments of maneuverability and visualization. In all cases, LithoVue provided either equivalent or superior metrics than Uscope. Further clinical studies are necessary to determine the implications of these findings.
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    Electromagnetic Guided Percutaneous Renal Access Outcomes Among Surgeons and Trainees of Different Experience Levels: A Pilot Study
    (Elsevier, 2020-02) Borofsky, Michael S.; Rivera, Marcelino E.; Dauw, Casey A.; Krambeck, Amy E.; Lingeman, James E.; Urology, School of Medicine
    Objective To determine feasibility of an electromagnetic (EM) guidance system (Auris Health, Redwood City, CA) in obtaining percutaneous renal access among urologists and trainees of different experience levels. EM-guidance is appealing for access as it allows real time, 3-dimensional targeting without radiation. Few studies have explored this for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and none have assessed its potential to decrease the learning curve in obtaining access using traditional techniques. Methods Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval was obtained to compare EM-guided percutaneous access to fluoroscopic guided access in a porcine model. Voluntary participants included urology trainees and faculty. They were categorized as beginner (no prior primary percutaneous nephrolithotomyexperience), intermediate (10-100 prior) and advanced (>100). Each participant attempted an EM and fluoroscopic guided puncture. Primary outcome was successful puncture. Secondary outcomes included access time, fluoroscopy time, and number of attempts. Participants were limited to 3 attempts and 10 minutes total to obtain access using each technique. Results Fourteen participants (6 beginners, 4 intermediates, and 4 experts) attempted 28 punctures. Overall success using EM-guidance was 93% compared to 71% using fluoroscopy ( P = .33). EM punctures had shorter access times (85 vs 255 seconds, P <.01) required fewer attempts (1 vs 2, P = .04) and had decreased associated fluoroscopy times (1 vs 96 seconds, P <.01) excluding the initial retrograde pyelogram and guidance of the ureteroscope to the desired calyx. Beginners showed comparable success rates and outcomes relative to experts despite higher access times. Conclusion EM-guidance is a promising new technique to decrease the learning curve of percutaneous access with high success rates and minimal radiation.
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    Geobiology reveals how human kidney stones dissolve in vivo
    (Springer Nature, 2018-09-13) Sivaguru, Mayandi; Saw, Jessia J.; Williams, James C. Jr.; Lieske, John C.; Krambeck, Amy E.; Romero, Michael F.; Chia, Nicholas; Schwaderer, Andrew L.; Alcalde, Reinaldo E.; Bruce, Wililam J.; Wildman, Derek E.; Fried, Glenn A.; Werth, Charles J.; Reeder, Richard J.; Yau, Peter M.; Sanford, Robert A.; Fouke, Bruce W.; Anatomy and Cell Biology, IU School of Medicine
    More than 10% of the global human population is now afflicted with kidney stones, which are commonly associated with other significant health problems including diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Nearly 70% of these stones are primarily composed of calcium oxalate, a mineral previously assumed to be effectively insoluble within the kidney. This has limited currently available treatment options to painful passage and/or invasive surgical procedures. We analyze kidney stone thin sections with a combination of optical techniques, which include bright field, polarization, confocal and super-resolution nanometer-scale auto-fluorescence microscopy. Here we demonstrate using interdisciplinary geology and biology (geobiology) approaches that calcium oxalate stones undergo multiple events of dissolution as they crystallize and grow within the kidney. These observations open a fundamentally new paradigm for clinical approaches that include in vivo stone dissolution and identify high-frequency layering of organic matter and minerals as a template for biomineralization in natural and engineered settings.
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    Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate
    (Liebert, 2018-05) Rivera, Marcelino E.; Lingeman, James E.; Krambeck, Amy E.; Urology, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) offers superior voiding outcomes to traditional transurethral resection and less morbidity than open simple prostatectomy. Likewise, HoLEP has been determined to result in excellent outcomes regardless of gland size. We present a step-by-step surgical approach to HoLEP describing both the traditional enucleation technique and a modified “top-down” surgical technique. Materials and Methods: In this video, two techniques are presented that were performed by two (A.E.K., J.E.L.) surgeons at our institution. Results: In the examples of the two enucleation techniques mentioned, outcomes are similar with regard to surgical and functional outcomes. Conclusions: HoLEP as a treatment for BPH with associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) results in excellent patient outcomes and can be offered to patients regardless of prostate volume.
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    In Vivo Entombment of Bacteria and Fungi during Calcium Oxalate, Brushite, and Struvite Urolithiasis
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2020-12-23) Saw, Jessica J.; Sivaguru, Mayandi; Wilson, Elena M.; Dong, Yiran; Sanford, Robert A.; Fields, Chris J.; Cregger, Melissa A.; Merkel, Annette C.; Bruce, William J.; Weber, Joseph R.; Lieske, John C.; Krambeck, Amy E.; Rivera, Marcelino E.; Large, Timothy; Lange, Dirk; Bhattacharjee, Ananda S.; Romero, Michael F.; Chia, Nicholas; Fouke, Bruce W.; Urology, School of Medicine
    Background: Human kidney stones form via repeated events of mineral precipitation, partial dissolution, and reprecipitation, which are directly analogous to similar processes in other natural and manmade environments, where resident microbiomes strongly influence biomineralization. High-resolution microscopy and high-fidelity metagenomic (microscopy-to-omics) analyses, applicable to all forms of biomineralization, have been applied to assemble definitive evidence of in vivo microbiome entombment during urolithiasis. Methods: Stone fragments were collected from a randomly chosen cohort of 20 patients using standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that 18 of these patients were calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formers, whereas one patient formed each formed brushite and struvite stones. This apportionment is consistent with global stone mineralogy distributions. Stone fragments from seven of these 20 patients (five CaOx, one brushite, and one struvite) were thin sectioned and analyzed using brightfield (BF), polarization (POL), confocal, super-resolution autofluorescence (SRAF), and Raman techniques. DNA from remaining fragments, grouped according to each of the 20 patients, were analyzed with amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences (V1-V3, V3-V5) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, ITS2) regions. Results: Bulk-entombed DNA was sequenced from stone fragments in 11 of the 18 patients who formed CaOx stones, and the patients who formed brushite and struvite stones. These analyses confirmed the presence of an entombed low-diversity community of bacteria and fungi, including Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Aspergillus niger. Bacterial cells approximately 1 μm in diameter were also optically observed to be entombed and well preserved in amorphous hydroxyapatite spherules and fans of needle-like crystals of brushite and struvite. Conclusions: These results indicate a microbiome is entombed during in vivo CaOx stone formation. Similar processes are implied for brushite and struvite stones. This evidence lays the groundwork for future in vitro and in vivo experimentation to determine how the microbiome may actively and/or passively influence kidney stone biomineralization.