Browsing by Author "Kofler, Florian"

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    Metrics reloaded: recommendations for image analysis validation
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Maier-Hein, Lena; Reinke, Annika; Godau, Patrick; Tizabi, Minu D.; Buettner, Florian; Christodoulou, Evangelia; Glocker, Ben; Isensee, Fabian; Kleesiek, Jens; Kozubek, Michal; Reyes, Mauricio; Riegler, Michael A.; Wiesenfarth, Manuel; Kavur, A. Emre; Sudre, Carole H.; Baumgartner, Michael; Eisenmann, Matthias; Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen; Rädsch, Tim; Acion, Laura; Antonelli, Michela; Arbel, Tal; Bakas, Spyridon; Benis, Arriel; Blaschko, Matthew B.; Cardoso, M. Jorge; Cheplygina, Veronika; Cimini, Beth A.; Collins, Gary S.; Farahani, Keyvan; Ferrer, Luciana; Galdran, Adrian; van Ginneken, Bram; Haase, Robert; Hashimoto, Daniel A.; Hoffman, Michael M.; Huisman, Merel; Jannin, Pierre; Kahn, Charles E.; Kainmueller, Dagmar; Kainz, Bernhard; Karargyris, Alexandros; Karthikesalingam, Alan; Kofler, Florian; Kopp-Schneider, Annette; Kreshuk, Anna; Kurc, Tahsin; Landman, Bennett A.; Litjens, Geert; Madani, Amin; Maier-Hein, Klaus; Martel, Anne L.; Mattson, Peter; Meijering, Erik; Menze, Bjoern; Moons, Karel G. M.; Müller, Henning; Nichyporuk, Brennan; Nickel, Felix; Petersen, Jens; Rajpoot, Nasir; Rieke, Nicola; Saez-Rodriguez, Julio; Sánchez, Clara I.; Shetty, Shravya; van Smeden, Maarten; Summers, Ronald M.; Taha, Abdel A.; Tiulpin, Aleksei; Tsaftaris, Sotirios A.; Van Calster, Ben; Varoquaux, Gaël; Jäger, Paul F.; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Increasing evidence shows that flaws in machine learning (ML) algorithm validation are an underestimated global problem. In biomedical image analysis, chosen performance metrics often do not reflect the domain interest, and thus fail to adequately measure scientific progress and hinder translation of ML techniques into practice. To overcome this, we created Metrics Reloaded, a comprehensive framework guiding researchers in the problem-aware selection of metrics. Developed by a large international consortium in a multistage Delphi process, it is based on the novel concept of a problem fingerprint-a structured representation of the given problem that captures all aspects that are relevant for metric selection, from the domain interest to the properties of the target structure(s), dataset and algorithm output. On the basis of the problem fingerprint, users are guided through the process of choosing and applying appropriate validation metrics while being made aware of potential pitfalls. Metrics Reloaded targets image analysis problems that can be interpreted as classification tasks at image, object or pixel level, namely image-level classification, object detection, semantic segmentation and instance segmentation tasks. To improve the user experience, we implemented the framework in the Metrics Reloaded online tool. Following the convergence of ML methodology across application domains, Metrics Reloaded fosters the convergence of validation methodology. Its applicability is demonstrated for various biomedical use cases.
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    The Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS-METS) Challenge 2023: Brain Metastasis Segmentation on Pre-treatment MRI
    (ArXiv, 2023-06-01) Moawad, Ahmed W.; Janas, Anastasia; Baid, Ujjwal; Ramakrishnan, Divya; Jekel, Leon; Krantchev, Kiril; Moy, Harrison; Saluja, Rachit; Osenberg, Klara; Wilms, Klara; Kaur, Manpreet; Avesta, Arman; Cassinelli Pedersen, Gabriel; Maleki, Nazanin; Salimi, Mahdi; Merkaj, Sarah; von Reppert, Marc; Tillmans, Niklas; Lost, Jan; Bousabarah, Khaled; Holler, Wolfgang; Lin, MingDe; Westerhoff, Malte; Maresca, Ryan; Link, Katherine E.; Tahon, Nourel Hoda; Marcus, Daniel; Sotiras, Aristeidis; LaMontagne, Pamela; Chakrabarty, Strajit; Teytelboym, Oleg; Youssef, Ayda; Nada, Ayaman; Velichko, Yuri S.; Gennaro, Nicolo; Connectome Students; Group of Annotators; Cramer, Justin; Johnson, Derek R.; Kwan, Benjamin Y. M.; Petrovic, Boyan; Patro, Satya N.; Wu, Lei; So, Tiffany; Thompson, Gerry; Kam, Anthony; Guzman Perez-Carrillo, Gloria; Lall, Neil; Group of Approvers; Albrecht, Jake; Anazodo, Udunna; Lingaru, Marius George; Menze, Bjoern H.; Wiestler, Benedikt; Adewole, Maruf; Anwar, Syed Muhammad; Labella, Dominic; Li, Hongwei Bran; Iglesias, Juan Eugenio; Farahani, Keyvan; Eddy, James; Bergquist, Timothy; Chung, Verena; Shinohara, Russel Takeshi; Dako, Farouk; Wiggins, Walter; Reitman, Zachary; Wang, Chunhao; Liu, Xinyang; Jiang, Zhifan; Van Leemput, Koen; Piraud, Marie; Ezhov, Ivan; Johanson, Elaine; Meier, Zeke; Familiar, Ariana; Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi; Kofler, Florian; Calabrese, Evan; Aneja, Sanjay; Chiang, Veronica; Ikuta, Ichiro; Shafique, Umber; Memon, Fatima; Conte, Gian Marco; Bakas, Spyridon; Rudie, Jeffrey; Aboian, Mariam; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    Clinical monitoring of metastatic disease to the brain can be a laborious and timeconsuming process, especially in cases involving multiple metastases when the assessment is performed manually. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Brain Metastases (RANO-BM) guideline, which utilizes the unidimensional longest diameter, is commonly used in clinical and research settings to evaluate response to therapy in patients with brain metastases. However, accurate volumetric assessment of the lesion and surrounding peri-lesional edema holds significant importance in clinical decision-making and can greatly enhance outcome prediction. The unique challenge in performing segmentations of brain metastases lies in their common occurrence as small lesions. Detection and segmentation of lesions that are smaller than 10 mm in size has not demonstrated high accuracy in prior publications. The brain metastases challenge sets itself apart from previously conducted MICCAI challenges on glioma segmentation due to the significant variability in lesion size. Unlike gliomas, which tend to be larger on presentation scans, brain metastases exhibit a wide range of sizes and tend to include small lesions. We hope that the BraTS-METS dataset and challenge will advance the field of automated brain metastasis detection and segmentation.
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    Understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis validation
    (ArXiv, 2023-09-25) Reinke, Annika; Tizabi, Minu D.; Baumgartner, Michael; Eisenmann, Matthias; Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen; Kavur, A. Emre; Rädsch, Tim; Sudre, Carole H.; Acion, Laura; Antonelli, Michela; Arbel, Tal; Bakas, Spyridon; Benis, Arriel; Blaschko, Matthew B.; Buettner, Florian; Cardoso, M. Jorge; Cheplygina, Veronika; Chen, Jianxu; Christodoulou, Evangelia; Cimini, Beth A.; Collins, Gary S.; Farahani, Keyvan; Ferrer, Luciana; Galdran, Adrian; Van Ginneken, Bram; Glocker, Ben; Godau, Patrick; Haase, Robert; Hashimoto, Daniel A.; Hoffman, Michael M.; Huisman, Merel; Isensee, Fabian; Jannin, Pierre; Kahn, Charles E.; Kainmueller, Dagmar; Kainz, Bernhard; Karargyris, Alexandros; Karthikesalingam, Alan; Kenngott, Hannes; Kleesiek, Jens; Kofler, Florian; Kooi, Thijs; Kopp-Schneider, Annette; Kozubek, Michal; Kreshuk, Anna; Kurc, Tahsin; Landman, Bennett A.; Litjens, Geert; Madani, Amin; Maier-Hein, Klaus; Martel, Anne L.; Mattson, Peter; Meijering, Erik; Menze, Bjoern; Moons, Karel G. M.; Müller, Henning; Nichyporuk, Brennan; Nickel, Felix; Petersen, Jens; Rafelski, Susanne M.; Rajpoot, Nasir; Reyes, Mauricio; Riegler, Michael A.; Rieke, Nicola; Saez-Rodriguez, Julio; Sánchez, Clara I.; Shetty, Shravya; Summers, Ronald M.; Taha, Abdel A.; Tiulpin, Aleksei; Tsaftaris, Sotirios A.; Van Calster, Ben; Varoquaux, Gaël; Yaniv, Ziv R.; Jäger, Paul F.; Maier-Hein, Lena; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Validation metrics are key for the reliable tracking of scientific progress and for bridging the current chasm between artificial intelligence (AI) research and its translation into practice. However, increasing evidence shows that particularly in image analysis, metrics are often chosen inadequately in relation to the underlying research problem. This could be attributed to a lack of accessibility of metric-related knowledge: While taking into account the individual strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of validation metrics is a critical prerequisite to making educated choices, the relevant knowledge is currently scattered and poorly accessible to individual researchers. Based on a multi-stage Delphi process conducted by a multidisciplinary expert consortium as well as extensive community feedback, the present work provides the first reliable and comprehensive common point of access to information on pitfalls related to validation metrics in image analysis. Focusing on biomedical image analysis but with the potential of transfer to other fields, the addressed pitfalls generalize across application domains and are categorized according to a newly created, domain-agnostic taxonomy. To facilitate comprehension, illustrations and specific examples accompany each pitfall. As a structured body of information accessible to researchers of all levels of expertise, this work enhances global comprehension of a key topic in image analysis validation.