Browsing by Author "Kiragga, A."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The East Africa Consortium for human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in women living with HIV/AIDS
    (Taylor & Francis, 2022) Tong, Y.; Orang’o, E.; Nakalembe, M.; Tonui, P.; Itsura, P.; Muthoka, K.; Titus, M.; Kiptoo, S.; Mwangi, A.; Ong’echa, J.; Tonui, R.; Odongo, B.; Mpamani, C.; Rosen, B.; Moormann, A.; Cu-Uvin, S.; Bailey, J.A.; Oduor, C.I.; Ermel, A.; Yiannoutsos, C.; Musick, B.; Sang, E.; Ngeresa, A.; Banturaki, G.; Kiragga, A.; Zhang, J.; Song, Y.; Chintala, S.; Katzenellenbogen, R.; Loehrer, P.; Brown, D.R.; Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine
    The East Africa Consortium was formed to study the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on HPV and cervical cancer, and to encourage collaborations between researchers in North America and East African countries. To date, studies have led to a better understanding of the influence of HIV infection on the detection and persistence of oncogenic HPV, the effects of dietary aflatoxin on the persistence of HPV, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on HPV persistence, and the differences in HPV detections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women undergoing treatment for cervical dysplasia by either cryotherapy or LEEP. It will now be determined how HPV testing fits into cervical cancer screening programs in Kenya and Uganda, how aflatoxin influences immunological control of HIV, how HPV alters certain genes involved in the growth of tumours in HIV-infected women. Although there have been challenges in performing this research, with time, this work should help to reduce the burden of cervical cancer and other cancers related to HIV infection in people living in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as optimized processes to better facilitate research as well as patient autonomy and safety. KEY MESSAGESThe East Africa Consortium was formed to study the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on HPV and cervical cancer.Collaborations have been established between researchers in North America and East African countries for these studies.Studies have led to a better understanding of the influence of HIV infection on the detection and persistence of oncogenic HPV, the effects of dietary aflatoxin on HPV detection, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on HPV persistence, and the differences in HPV detections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women undergoing treatment for cervical dysplasia by either cryotherapy or LEEP.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Trends in prevalent TB among persons enrolling for HIV care before and after ‘Test and Treat’ across East-Africa
    (The Union, 2025-06-13) Kalema, N.; Musick, B.; Babirye, S.; Najjemba, L.; Mubiri, P.; Kiragga, A.; Ddungu, A.; Kasozi, C.; Diero, L. O.; Odhiambo, F.; Lyamuya, R.; Castelnuovo, B.; Musaazi, J.; Yiannoutsos, C. T.; Wools-Kaloustian, K.; Semeere, A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: In 2015, WHO recommended the global adoption of the 'Test and Treat' strategy (TTS) for all persons living with HIV (PLHIV). While TTS has improved viral suppression and reduced mortality, its impact on TB in PLHIV remains unclear. Methods: We assessed TB prevalence trends 48 months before and after TTS among PLHIV aged ≥18 years enrolling at HIV primary care sites affiliated with the East Africa International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (EA-IeDEA) consortium. We defined prevalent TB as bacteriologically confirmed or empirically treated TB within 60 days of enrolment. We estimated monthly TB prevalence trends using Poisson (change point) model. Results: Among 125,647 PLHIV, 37% were male. The prevalence of TB was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.7-9.1) before and 6.2% (95% CI: 5.9-6.4) after TTS-adoption. Adjusted analysis showed significant downward trend in TB prevalence before TTS (adjusted Prevalence Rate Ratio, aPRR=0.989, p<0.001), which plateaued during TTS (aPRR=0.999, p=0.131). TB was more frequently present among males (aPRR: 2.09, p<0.001) and adults ≥25 years across both periods. Conclusion: This study highlights a plateau in TB prevalence decline during TTS and persistent disparities in TB by sex and age, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.