IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Author "King, David P."

Browsing by Author "King, David P."

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Defining and Estimating the Scope of U.S. Faith-Based International Humanitarian Aid Organizations
(Springer, 2022-02) Austin, Thad S.; King, David P.; Bergdoll, Jon; Fulton, Brad R.; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
This study illuminates the size, scope, and impact of U.S. faith-based nonprofits in the international affairs sector. Through analysis of IRS microdata, we estimate the prevalence, total revenue, and direct charitable giving to Organizations with Religious Expression (OREs) within the International Affairs subsector (n = 262). Our study provides new language to categorize religiously identified organizations and seeks to demonstrate the distinctive identities and activities of OREs in contrast to organizations with no known religious expression. We find that OREs constitute more than half of the organizations in the sector and estimate that between a third and almost half of all donations to the international affairs subsector go to OREs. In contrast to organizations with no known religious expression, OREs also receive a much greater share of annual revenue from direct support.
Evaluating Nonresponse Bias for a Hypernetwork Sample Generated from a Probability-Based Household Panel
(HSM and UMT, 2022-10-20) Fulton, Brad R.; Bilgen, Ipek; Pineau, Vicki; Liebert, Lindsay; King, David P.; Dennis , Michael; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
Hypernetwork sampling aims to generate representative samples of populations for which a sample frame does not exist or is too costly to construct. This multi-level sampling method relies on nominations from one sample source (Stage 1 sample) to construct another sample (Stage 2 sample). However, nonresponse from the Stage 1 sample has the potential to produce bias in Stage 2 of the hypernetwork sample if Stage 1 respondents differ from nonrespondents. This paper examines nonresponse in a hypernetwork sample of religious congregations in the U.S. generated from a probability-based household panel that includes background information for all panelists including Stage 1 nonrespondents. This study also illustrates the benefits of constructing a hypernetwork sample by using a sample of already recruited panelists for whom information has already been collected. We find Stage 1 nonrespondents tend to be from rural areas and not from the Midwest, compared to Stage 1 respondents. Results also suggest that the impact of subsequent survey reminders on key Stage 1 estimates decreased after the third reminder during Stage 1 fielding. Additionally, we find that Stage 1 nonresponse impacts the Stage 2 estimates for congregational characteristics. Specifically, the congregations nominated by Stage 1 late respondents tend to have the following characteristics: located in the South, predominantly African American, more likely to be conservative/evangelical Protestant or black Protestant, younger, urban or suburban, helped people register to vote, less likely to have a school, and have fewer child participants. Post-survey weighting adjustment of the Stage 1 sample decreased the risk for nonresponse bias in the Stage 1 hypernetwork sample and in the Stage 2 sample of congregations.
Giving in Faith: Exploring Key Trends in Religious Giving
(2024-01-23) Ng, Tiffani; King, David P.; Mafolasire, Abiodun; Lynn, Elizabeth
Giving in Faith: Exploring Key Trends in Religious Giving explores the state of faith-based giving in the United States by considering the converging perspectives of the individual giver, the faith leader, and the congregation. The report was produced by Givelify’s Philanthropic Research and Insights team and Lake Institute on Faith & Giving, a part of the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy. Based on a national survey of 2,001 people of faith, the Giving in Faith report elucidates the abundant generosity of faith-based individuals, almost all of whom gave money, time, or items to a cause, organization, or person in 2023. It explores the formal and informal ways that they gave, the pivotal role of faith in shaping their generosity, and their aspirations to be more charitable in 2024. The Giving in Faith report also draws on the responses of 980 faith leaders across the United States. It shines a light on the community impact of places of worship: Almost all congregations surveyed supported at least one outreach program with time, money, items, space, or volunteers in 2023. Faith leaders shared how both their congregation’s vitality and their outreach efforts depend on the generosity and passions of their attendees. Finally, the report shows how digital giving, embraced by both faith-based individuals and congregations, and other emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) enable faith leaders to achieve their vision.
How Does Religion Affect Giving to Outgroups and Secular Organizations? A Systematic Literature Review
(MDPI, 2020-08) Yasin, Kidist Ibrie; Graeser Adams, Anita; King, David P.; Philosophy, School of Liberal Arts
Although religious giving represents the largest sector of charitable giving in the US, its overall impact on social welfare has been questioned, pointing to the possibility that the majority of funding might stay within the religious community, with little benefit to outgroups or secular charity. Despite multiple studies showing a positive relationship between religion and secular and outgroup giving, some empirical findings show a negative or non-significant relationship. By employing a systematic literature review, the current study explores theories and empirical evidence to provide an integrative framework that identifies the mechanisms and directions through which religion affects giving to outgroups and secular organizations. The study also compares the major five religious traditions and giving to outgroups and secular organizations. The study finds that religious teachings, norms, values, social network, and private rituals, determine the direction of the relationship between religion and giving to outgroups and secular organizations. The study concludes that, despite the dominant positive relationship between religion and giving to outgroup and secular organizations, there remains heterogeneity among the studies based on their location, operationalization of religion and secular giving, and methodology used. The study also poses some implication questions and points out future research directions.
Religiosity and Generosity: Multi-Level Approaches to Studying the Religiousness of Prosocial Actions
(MDPI, 2020-09) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Strohmeier, Amy; King, David P.; Khader, Rafia A.; Williams, Andrew L.; Goodwin, Jamie L.; Doan, Dana R. H.; Moyo, Bhekinkosi
This paper provides a meta-analysis of the intersection of (a) religiosity and spirituality with (b) generosity, philanthropy, nonprofits, and prosociality. The study is informed by three informational sources, chronologically: (1) informational interviews with scholars and practitioners based within and studying regions outside of the U.S. and Western Europe; (2) discovery search of purposefully selected extant publications, especially focusing on the last decade of contemporary scholarship; and (3) systematic search of relevant peer-reviewed publication outlets since 2010. Reviewed publications are categorized by level of analysis into macro, meso, and micro approaches. Across each level and source, publications are also geo-tagged for their geographic scope. Particular attention is paid to the under-studied world regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The results reveal that Asia is the most studied and Latin America the least studied, and that meso-level approaches are the most common while micro-level are the least common. Additionally, a map of publication counts reveals within-region inequalities by country. Implications of the analysis are drawn for future studies, particularly ways to advance this interdisciplinary field.
Shaping Philanthropy for Chinese Diaspora in Singapore and Beyond: Family, Ancestry, Identity, Social Norms
(2019-08) Harper, Marina Tan; Burlingame, Dwight F.; Hyatt, Susan B.; King, David P.; Osili, Una O.
This study analyzes 21 high and ultra-high-net-worth data points whose entities migrated from mainland China into Southeast Asia, and now, with their descendants, have settled in Singapore. Though removed from China over generations, they still retain a continuum of evolved values that were germinated from Confucian morals, rituals, and values — more popularly recognized as Chineseness. This study investigates these traditions, ethos, and value systems through the lens of philanthropy. The principal results and conclusions are: 1) Due to push and pull factors, millions of Chinese migrants fanned out into the Nanyang (Southeast Asia) from mid-1800s to the late 1900s. The first-generation diasporic Chinese (G1) left China with a sojourner mentality. Hence their early philanthropic action mirrored sojourners’ mindsets and pointed their giving back to China, the motherland. 2) As Chinese diaspora and their ethnic Chinese descendants (G2, G3, G4) eventually settled as nationals into various countries of Southeast Asia, new hybrid Chinese identities emerged. 3) Their Confucian Chinese values were confronted and severely tested – very often remolded and evolved as they assimilated, acculturated, and converged with social norms dictated by local indigenous cultures, and political, social, and economic circumstances of the times. 4) Confucian values — honoring the family name and continuing the ancestral lineage — behest multi-generations to stick together in strength. With self-help and mutual aid philanthropy, they thrived in the Nanyang. Very soon, Chinese diaspora’s economic success propelled them into leadership. As leaders of local communities, their loyalties, generosity, and philanthropic action shifted as new generations, locally born, begin to identify as nationals of these countries and engender gratitude to where they built their wealth. Eventually, generosity to China by follow-on generations pulled back or ceased. 5) In philanthropy, the age-old values of family, ancestry, humility, and benevolence now give younger generations of ethnic Chinese pride and purpose to give outside of the traditional familial lines to create opportunities and transform lives in the communities where they work and live – including public good for the countries where they operate their businesses in Southeast Asia and beyond.
Studying Religiosity and Spirituality: A Review of Macro, Micro, and Meso-Level Approaches
(MDPI, 2020-09) Herzog, Patricia Snell; King, David P.; Khader, Rafia A.; Strohmeier, Amy; Williams, Andrew L.
This paper seeks to advance the global study of religiosity and spirituality by conducting a meta-analysis of major approaches in the field. While the field, and thus the collected publications, are dominated by Western approaches, particular attention is paid in this analysis to publications from geographies that are not from the United States or Western Europe, especially these world regions: Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Similarly, while the study of religiosity is considerably centered around Christianity, this analysis extends beyond Christianity, to the extent possible in extant studies, to include publications investigating other world religious traditions, such as African spirituality, African witchcraft, Afro-Caribbean religious traditions, Buddhism, Confucianism, folk religions, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Mormonism, Neo-paganism, New Religious Movements (NRMs), Shamanism, Sikhism, Spiritism, Taoism, and spirituality generally. A total of 530 publications were reviewed, and the studies are categorized by unit of analysis into: Macro, micro, and meso-level. Measurement constructs include religious demography, culture, belonging, behaving, believing, bonding, religious salience, spiritual identities, religious networks, occupations, congregations, denominations, and faith-based organizations. Non-Western sources and approaches are analyzed toward furthering future research in under-studied world regions. Implications are drawn for the field, such as the need to geo-code publications at the country level.
The Discursive and Practical Influence of Spirituality on Civic Engagement
(Wiley, 2022-06) Steensland, Brian; King, David P.; Duffy, Barbara J.; Sociology, School of Liberal Arts
Religion has long been recognized as promoting civic engagement. Recent declines in organized religion and growing interest in spirituality raise the question of whether spirituality might also promote civic engagement. Using data from a new nationally representative survey, we assess the independent and joint influence of spirituality and religion on civic life. We find that 40% of respondents perceive spirituality as influencing their civic engagement. Spirituality's influence typically appears in tandem with religion, but when spirituality and religion are distinct, the influence of spirituality is greater and more prevalent. Using two distinct measures, we assess the influence of spirituality on civic engagementat both discursive and practical levels. We find positive associations for both. Spirituality is both a conscious influence and tacit resource in civic life. We close by briefly outlining an agenda for better understanding socially engaged spirituality.
The National Study of Congregations' Economic Practices
(Lake Institute on Faith & Giving, 2019-09-17) King, David P.; Fulton, Brad R.; Munn, Christopher W.; Goodwin, Jamie L.
Congregations continue to receive the largest percentage of charitable giving in the U.S. – 29 percent of all charitable dollars ($124.52 billion in 2018). Most research on charitable giving, particularly faith-based giving, has focused on individuals (the givers) rather than institutions (the recipients of the giving). In September 2019, Lake Institute on Faith & Giving will release the most comprehensive national study of congregational finances in over a generation. The NSCEP report provides an in-depth look at how congregations receive, manage, and spend their financial resources. Delving underneath the numbers, we begin to show how congregations regard financial resources: how theological, cultural, and practical orientations toward money relate to finance, giving cultures, and economic practices.

Browsing by Author "King, David P."

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