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Browsing by Author "King, Andrea C."
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Item The role of alcohol response phenotypes in the risk for alcohol use disorder(Cambridge University Press, 2019-05) King, Andrea C.; Cao, Dingcai; deWit, Harriet; O'Connor, Sean J.; Hasin, Deborah S.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineHeavy alcohol use is pervasive and one of our most significant global health burdens. Early theories posited that certain alcohol response phenotypes, notably low sensitivity to alcohol (‘low-level response’) imparts risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, other theories, and newer measures of subjective alcohol responses, have challenged that contention and argued that high sensitivity to some alcohol effects are equally important for AUD risk. This study presents results of a unique longitudinal study in 294 young adult non-dependent drinkers examined with alcohol and placebo testing in the laboratory at initial enrolment and repeated 5 years later, with regular follow-up intervals assessing AUD (trial registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00961792). Findings showed that alcohol sedation was negatively correlated with stimulation across the breath alcohol curve and at initial and re-examination testing. A higher rather than lower alcohol response phenotype was predictive of future AUD. The findings underscore a new understanding of factors increasing vulnerability to AUD.Item Trying is believing: A pilot study of in-vivo nicotine replacement therapy sampling in disadvantaged Black adults who smoke cigarettes(Elsevier, 2022-12-01) Liu, Melissa A.; Brett , Emma I.; Chavarria, Jesus; King, Andrea C.; Psychology, School of ScienceIntroduction: While nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a frontline tobacco treatment that doubles smoking quit rates, only about 18% of Black adults who smoke cigarettes report lifetime use of NRT. A promising approach for increasing NRT use is in-session (in-vivo) NRT sampling within cessation interventions. The present pilot study examined the effectiveness of an in-vivo NRT sampling intervention within a single-session, culturally-targeted motivational intervention trial in Black adults who smoke cigarettes. Methods: Non-treatment-seeking disadvantaged Black adults (N = 60) were offered the choice to sample nicotine lozenge, patch, or both in-session with the counselor present. Regardless of their choice, they were offered a one-week starter kit of both products. Data were analyzed at baseline and 1-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were 1) differences in motivation to quit smoking among NRT samplers versus non-samplers, 2) in-vivo NRT sampling preferences, and 3) in-vivo sampling's association with NRT use and improved smoking outcomes at follow up. Results: Almost all participants accepted a take-home NRT starter kit, and approximately half of those offered in-vivo sampling agreed to sample. Participants preferred sampling lozenges in session (75.8% lozenge only vs. 12.1% nicotine patch only or 12.1% both; p < .001). Motivation to quit smoking was not related to likelihood of in-vivo NRT sampling (p > .05). At 1-month follow-up, in-vivo samplers were more likely to use NRT (94% vs. 35%, respectively; p < .001) and report a quit attempt (81.8% vs. 53.9%, p < .05) compared to non-samplers. Conclusion: In-vivo NRT sampling is a promising strategy to improve NRT uptake among Black adults who smoke cigarettes, regardless of motivation to quit smoking.