Browsing by Author "Kaur, Mandeep"

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    Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on nicotinetreated Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Kaur, Mandeep; Dhami, Amarjeet; Gregory, Richard L.
    Abstract Tea polyphenols such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have exhibited antimicrobial properties. Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium that is associated with periodontal diseases. Biofilm adheres to the enamel surfaces of our teeth as plaque. Biofilm formation in the oral cavity leads to many complications such as caries and periodontal diseases. Those who smoke tend to have increased risk of periodontal diseases and F. nucleatum biofilm formation. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of EGCG (0.25 mg/ml) and varying concentrations of nicotine (0-32 mg/ml) on F. nucleatum biofilm. The study was conducted by treating F. nucleatum biofilm with various concentrations of nicotine (0-32 mg/ml) and EGCG. Biofilm formation was measured using a crystal violet dye staining assay and a spectrophotometer. Biofilm formation of F. nucleatum with EGCG and nicotine exhibited a significant decrease in biofilm formation at low concentrations of nicotine (0-4 mg/ml). EGCG alone without nicotine significantly reduces F. nucleatum biofilm formation. EGCG can be added to dental treatments such as toothpaste and mouthwash for those who smoke. Periodontal diseases lead to many health problems in other parts of the body, therefore it is important to find ways to decrease biofilm formation of F. nucleatum.
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    Effects of Caffeine on Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm treated with Nicotine
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Dhami, Amarjeet; Kaur, Mandeep; Gregory, Richard L.
    Abstract: Fusobacterium nucleatum is a subgingival bacteria that is associated with periodontal disease. In general, smokers tend to have a higher risk of periodontal disease and increased cavities along with greater chance of atherosclerosis, which can cause blockage leading to a heart attack or stroke. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of caffeine on F. nucleatum biofilm formation treated with various concentrations of nicotine (0-32 mg/ml). Nicotine is found in cigarettes and this experiment examined if caffeine will inhibit the growth of biofilm with nicotine. Various concentrations of nicotine were used ranging from 0-32 mg/ml. Total absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer and revealed that caffeine at a concentration of 8 mg/ml significantly inhibited the formation of biofilm at nicotine concentrations of 0.25-8 mg/ml. Biofilm formation was significantly higher when caffeine was not present. Biofilm is commonly found in the mouth and is responsible for biofilm production on teeth leading to dental plaque deposits which become tarter. Simply brushing will not remove tarter and if left untreated it can cause periodontal gum disease. Caffeine-containing beverages may be beneficial in preventing F. nucleatum biofilm formation in smokers.
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    The resurgence of monkeypox: Epidemiology, clinical features, and public health implications in the post-smallpox eradication era
    (Elsevier, 2024-09-24) Singh, Parminder; Sridhar, Sathvik Belagodu; Shareef, Javedh; Talath, Sirajunisa; Mohapatra, Priyanka; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Ballal, Suhas; Kaur, Mandeep; Nathiya, Deepak; Sharma, Shilpa; Prasad, G. V. Siva; Sinha, Aashna; Varma, Amit; Bushi, Ganesh; Gaidhane, Abhay M.; Satapathy, Prakasini; Shabil, Muhammed; Sah, Renu; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Sah, Ranjit; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The recent global resurgence of Mpox (formerly monkeypox), primarily transmitted via close contact and respiratory droplets, highlights a significant shift in its epidemiology, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This resurgence underscores the need for robust public health responses and improved surveillance. This comprehensive review of current literature focuses on recent outbreaks, virology, and available treatments. Epidemiological data were gathered from various international health reports and analysed to understand transmission dynamics and outbreak patterns. Mpox, characterised by symptoms like fever and rash, has shown variable clinical presentations, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. Recent outbreaks have prompted the development of new diagnostic methods and treatments, including antivirals like Tecovirimat and vaccines such as MVA-BN. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing infection, which is crucial for outbreak containment. The global response to the Mpox resurgence requires integrated strategies combining vaccination, antiviral treatments, and public health policies tailored to high-risk populations. Future efforts should focus on vaccine distribution equity and enhancing diagnostic capabilities to effectively manage and mitigate the impact of Mpox.