Browsing by Author "Kaleth, Anthony"

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    The Validity and Reliability of the PAVS and IPAQ-SF as Physical Activity Assessment Tools in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
    (2020-01) Adolphs, Max W.; Kaleth, Anthony; Keith, NiCole; Riley, Zachary; Warden, Stuart
    Efforts to encourage the medical community to prescribe exercise for disease prevention and management have increased significantly in recent years. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), it is encouraging that exercise has been shown to improve sleep efficiency, daytime sleepiness, and disease severity. However, in order to better understand the dose-response relationship between exercise and OSA-related outcomes, accurate and reliable methods for assessing physical activity habits are needed. Purpose: To determine the test-retest reliability and validity of two self-report physical activity questionnaires [Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS); International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)] in an OSA population. Methods: 39 adults with moderate-to-severe OSA wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days and completed the PAVS and IPAQ-SF (twice within 10 d), along with questionnaires on quality of life, sleepiness, and treatment adherence. Test-retest reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Criterion and construct validity were determined using Pearson (r) and Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ), respectively. Results: PAVS and IPAQ-SF scores were reported as total min/wk of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Test-retest reliability for MVPA was excellent for PAVS (ICC = 0.982) and good for IPAQ-SF (ICC = 0.766). MVPA assessed via accelerometry was strongly correlated with PAVS (r = 0.802) and moderately with IPAQ-SF (r = 0.569). Both PAVS and IPAQ-SF were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (ρ = -0.273 and -0.268, respectively), but no other variables. Conclusions: The PAVS and IPAQ-SF are reliable and valid PA questionnaires and may be utilized as a tool for accurately assessing physical activity levels in OSA patients.
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    Virtual Reality: Its Effects on Physical Activity Intensity and Pain Sensitivity
    (2020-12) Evans, Eric Joseph; Naugle, Kelly; Arnold, Brent; Kaleth, Anthony; Naugle, Keith
    The ability of virtual reality (VR) active games to elicit moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has yet to be fully understood. Also, whether VR combined with physical activity could have a greater pain reducing effect compared to non-active VR distraction remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial VR active games on physical activity intensity levels, enjoyment, and pain sensitivity in young health adults. Thirty-six (18 males, 18 females) participants completed four study sessions, with each devoted to playing one VR game for fifteen minutes. The games included Beat Saber, Holopoint, Hot Squat, and Relax Walk VR. Levels of physical activity reached during VR gameplay were measured with percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and accelerometry. Enjoyment was measured with a visual analog scale and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale following each gaming session. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT’s) of the dominant forearm and ipsilateral thigh were conducted before and after VR gameplay. The primary outcome measures were analyzed with mixed model ANOVAs. The %HRR and RPE results showed that only Hot Squat consistently elicited moderate intensity activity. Accelerometry data showed that Hot Squat and Holopoint elicited higher whole body and lower body intensity levels than Beat Saber and Relax Walk VR. For enjoyment, Beat Saber and Holopoint were rated higher than Hot Squat and Relax Walk VR. Results for pressure pain thresholds (PPT’s) showed 1) an overall acute hypoalgesic effect on the forearm and thigh following all VR games, and 2) an enhanced hypoalgesic effect (combining MVPA and VR distraction) on the thigh following Hot Squat. Overall, results from this study suggest that active VR games can elicit varying degrees of physical activity intensity levels in young healthy adults, with Hot Squat eliciting moderate intensity activity. Thus, active VR games could be an alternative and enjoyable mode of obtaining physical activity. This study also showed that active VR games can elicit an acute hypoalgesic effect, with the effect potentially exacerbated with greater movement during gameplay.
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    Whole-Body Vibration Training Increases Stem/Progenitor Cell Circulation Levels and May Attenuate Inflammation
    (Oxford, 2020-01) Jawed, Yameena; Beli, Eleni; March, Keith; Kaleth, Anthony; Loghmani, M Terry; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Introduction Whole-body vibration training (WBVT) may benefit individuals with difficulty participating in physical exercise. The objective was to explore the effects of WBVT on circulating stem/progenitor cell (CPC) and cytokine levels. Methods Healthy male subjects each performed three activities randomly on separate days: (1) standing platform vibration, (2) repetitive leg squat exercise; and (3) in combination. Pre- and post-activity blood samples were drawn. Cell populations were characterized using flow cytometry. Biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results CPC levels increased significantly 21% with exercise alone (1465 ± 202–1770 ± 221 cells/mL; P = 0.017) and 33% with vibration alone in younger participants (1918 ± 341–2559 ± 496; P = 0.02). Angiogenic CPCs increased 39% during combined activity in younger (633 ± 128–882 ± 181; P = 0.05). Non-angiogenic CPCs increased 42% with vibration alone in younger (1181 ± 222–1677 ± 342; P = 0.04), but 32% with exercise alone in older participants (801 ± 251–1053 ± 325; P = 0.05). With vibration alone, anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 increased significantly (P < 0.03), although inflammatory interleukin-6 decreased (P = 0.056); tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.01) and vascular endothelial growth factor levels increased (P < 0.005), which are synergistically pro-angiogenic. Conclusions WBVT may have positive vascular and anti-inflammatory effects. WBVT could augment or serve as an exercise surrogate in warfighters and others who cannot fully participate in exercise programs, having important implications in military health.