Browsing by Author "Kahe, Ka"
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Item Association of Magnesium Intake With Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality: Findings From the CARDIA Study(Oxford University Press, 2021-06) Zhang, Yijia; Chen, Cheng; Lu, Liping; Knuston, Kristen; Carnethon, Mercedes; Fly, Alyce; Luo, Juhua; Haas, David; Shikany, James; Kahe, Ka; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineItem Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study(Oxford University Press, 2022) Zhang, Yijia; Chen, Cheng; Lu, Liping; Knutson, Kristen L.; Carnethon, Mercedes R.; Fly, Alyce D.; Luo, Juhua; Haas, David M.; Shikany, James M.; Kahe, Ka; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineStudy objectives: As an antagonist of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) has been implicated in the regulation of sleep. We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of Mg intake and Ca-to-Mg intake ratio (Ca:Mg) with sleep quality and duration. Methods: The study sample consisted of 3,964 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary and supplementary intake of Mg were obtained using the CARDIA Dietary History at baseline (1985-1986), exam years 7 and 20. Self-reported sleep outcomes were measured at years 15 and 20. Sleep quality was rating from 1 (very good) to 5 (very bad). We categorized sleep duration to <7, 7-9, and >9 h. Generalized estimating equation was used to examine the associations of interest as repeated measures at the two time points. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, Mg intake was borderline associated with better sleep quality [highest quartile (Q4) vs. intake quartile (Q1): odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.999, 1.50, ptrend = 0.051]. Participants in Q4 were also less likely to have short sleep (<7 h) compared to those in Q1 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.81, ptrend = 0.012). The observed association with short sleep persisted among participants without depressive disorders (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.82, ptrend < 0.001), but not among individuals with depressive disorder. Ca:Mg was not associated with either outcomes, regardless of depression status. Conclusions: Mg intake was associated with both sleep outcomes in this longitudinal analysis. Randomized controlled trials with objective measures of sleep are warranted to establish the potential causal inference.Item Association of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake with leukocyte telomere length in US males(Elsevier, 2022-12) Seo, Bojung; Yang, Keming; Kahe, Ka; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Chan, Andrew T.; De Vivo, Immaculata; Cho, Eunyoung; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Nan, Hongmei; Community and Global Health, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public HealthBackground Omega-3 (n–3) and omega-6 (n–6) fatty acids may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation, which are related to telomere shortening. Evidence supporting an association between intake of n–3 or n–6 fatty acids and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in males has been limited. Objectives We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the associations of total or individual n–3 or total n–6 fatty acid intake with LTL in US males. Methods We included 2,494 US males with LTL measurement from 4 nested case–control studies within the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Individuals with previous histories of cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases at or before blood collection were excluded. Blood collection was performed between 1993 and 1995, and relevant information including n–3 and n–6 intake was collected in 1994 by questionnaire. The LTL was log-transformed and Z scores of the LTL were calculated for statistical analyses by standardizing the LTL in comparison with the mean within each selected nested case–control study. Results We found that consumption of DHA (22:6n–3) was positively associated with LTL. In the multivariable-adjusted model, compared with individuals who had the lowest intake of DHA (i.e., first quartile group), the percentage differences (95% CIs) of LTL were −3.7 (−13.7, 7.5), 7.0 (−4.3, 19.7), and 8.2 (−3.5, 21.3) for individuals in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of consumption, respectively (P-trend = 0.0498). We did not find significant associations between total n–3 or total n–6 fatty acid intakes and LTL. In addition, we found that males who consumed canned tuna had longer LTL than those who did not; in the multivariable-adjusted model, the percentage difference of LTL was 10.5 (95% CI: 1.3, 20.4) (P = 0.02). Conclusions Our results suggest that higher intakes of DHA and canned tuna consumption are associated with longer LTL.Item Association of Urinary Cadmium Concentration With Cognitive Impairment in US Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study(Wolters Kluwer, 2024) Lu, Liping; Zhang, Yijia; Angley, Meghan; Bejerano, Shai; Brockman, John D.; McClure, Leslie A.; Unverzagt, Frederick W.; Fly, Alyce D.; Kahe, Ka; Psychiatry, School of MedicineBackground and objectives: Studies have indicated that cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with neurotoxicity. However, data linking Cd exposure to cognitive impairment are sparse. We aimed to investigate the association between urinary Cd concentration and cognitive impairment in US adults. Methods: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study is an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study that enrolled 30,239 Black and White US adults aged 45 years or older at baseline (2003-2007). In a randomly selected subcohort of REGARDS participants who were free of cognitive impairment or stroke at baseline, certain trace element concentrations, including urinary creatinine-corrected Cd, were measured using biospecimens collected and stored at baseline. During an average of 10 years of follow-up, global cognitive impairment was assessed annually using the Six-Item Screener, and domain-based cognitive impairment, including verbal learning, memory, and executive function, was evaluated every other year using the Enhanced Cognitive Battery. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine the association between urinary Cd concentration and the odds of global or domain-based cognitive impairment. Results: A total of 2,172 participants (mean age: 64.1 ± 9.0 years; female: 54.8%; Black participants: 38.7%) with available data on urinary Cd concentration, including 195 cases of global cognitive impairment and 53 cases of domain-based cognitive impairment, were included in the analyses. While there was no association between Cd and cognitive impairment in the full sample, there was a significant positive association of urinary Cd concentration with global cognitive impairment among White but not Black participants. The odds of cognitive impairment for White participants in the high urinary Cd concentration group (≥median) were doubled compared with those in the low urinary Cd group (odds ratio 2.07, 95% CI 1.18-3.64). Sex, age, region, smoking pack-years, alcohol consumption, and other related metals did not materially modify the associations of interest. Discussion: Findings from this prospective cohort study suggest that urinary Cd concentrations are associated with global cognitive impairment among White but not Black individuals. Further studies with repeatedly measured Cd exposure, larger sample sizes, and longer duration are needed to confirm our findings and explore the potential explanations for the observed racial discrepancy, such as the impact of smoking.Item Magnesium intake was inversely associated with hostility among American young adults(Elsevier, 2021) Lyu, Chen; Tsinovoi, Cari L.; Xun, Pengcheng; Song, Yiqing; Pu, Yongjia; Rosanoff, Andrea; Iribarren, Carlos; Schreiner, Pamela J.; Shikany, James M.; Jacobs, David R.; Kahe, Ka; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public HealthHostility is a complex personality trait associated with many cardiovascular risk factor phenotypes. Although magnesium intake has been related to mood and cardio-metabolic disease, its relation with hostility remains unclear. We hypothesize that high total magnesium intake is associated with lower levels of hostility because of its putative antidepressant mechanisms. To test the hypothesis, we prospectively analyzed data in 4,716 young adults aged 18-30 years at baseline (1985-1986) from four U.S. cities over five years of follow-up using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Magnesium intake was estimated from a dietary history questionnaire plus supplements at baseline. Levels of hostility were assessed using the Cook-Medley scale at baseline and year 5 (1990-1991). Generalized estimating equations were applied to estimate the association of magnesium intake with hostility as repeated measures at the two time-points (baseline and year 5). General linear model was used to determine the association between magnesium intake and change in hostility over 5 years. After adjustment for socio-demographic and major lifestyle factors, a significant inverse association was observed between magnesium intake and hostility level over 5 years of follow-up. Beta coefficients (95% CI) across higher quintiles of magnesium intake were 0 (reference), -1.28 (-1.92, -0.65), -1.45 (-2.09, -0.81), -1.41 (-2.08, -0.75) and -2.16 (-2.85, -1.47), respectively (Plinear-trend<.01). The inverse association was independent of socio-demographic and major lifestyle factors, supplement use, and depression status at year 5. This prospective study provides evidence that in young adults, high magnesium intake was inversely associated with hostility level independent of socio-demographic and major lifestyle factors.Item Radon Exposure and Gestational Diabetes(American Medical Association, 2025-01-02) Zhang, Yijia; Angley, Meghan; Lu, Liping; Smith, Brian J.; Grobman, William; Wylie, Blair J.; Zork, Noelia M.; D'Alton, Mary E.; McNeil, Becky; Mercer, Brian M.; Silver, Robert M.; Simhan, Hyagriv N.; Haas, David M.; Saade, George R.; Parry, Samuel; Reddy, Uma; Kahe, Ka; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineImportance: Understanding environmental risk factors for gestational diabetes (GD) is crucial for developing preventive strategies and improving pregnancy outcomes. Objective: To examine the association of county-level radon exposure with GD risk in pregnant individuals. Design, setting, and participants: This multicenter, population-based cohort study used data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) cohort, which recruited nulliparous pregnant participants from 8 US clinical centers between October 2010 and September 2013. Participants who had pregestational diabetes or were missing data on GD or county-level radon measurements were excluded from the current study. Data were analyzed from September 2023 to January 2024. Exposures: County-level radon data were created by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory based on the Environmental Protection Agency's short- and long-term indoor home radon assessments. Radon exposure was categorized into 3 groups: less than 1, 1 to less than 2, and 2 or more picocuries (pCi)/L (to convert to becquerels per cubic meter, multiply by 37). Because radon, smoking, and fine particulate matter air pollutants (PM2.5) may share similar biological pathways, participants were categorized by joint classifications of radon level (<2 and ≥2 pCi/L) with smoking status (never smokers and ever smokers) and radon level with PM2.5 level (above or below the median). Main outcomes and measures: The main outcome was GD, identified based on glucose tolerance testing and information from medical record abstraction. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between radon exposure and GD. Results: Among the 9107 participants, mean (SD) age was 27.0 (5.6) years; 3782 of 9101 (41.6%) had ever used tobacco. The mean (SD) county-level radon concentration was 1.6 (0.9) pCi/L, and 382 participants (4.2%) had GD recorded. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals living in counties with the highest radon level (≥2 pCi/L) had higher odds of developing GD compared with those living in counties with the lowest radon level (<1 pCi/L) (odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.02-1.84); after additional adjustment for PM2.5, the OR was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.00-1.86). Elevated odds of GD were also observed in ever smokers living in counties with a higher (≥2 pCi/L) radon level (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.41-3.11) and participants living in counties with higher radon and PM2.5 levels (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.31-2.83), though no statistically significant interactions were observed. Conclusions and relevance: This cohort study suggests that higher radon exposure is associated with greater odds of GD in nulliparous pregnant individuals. Further studies are needed to confirm the results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, especially with individual-level residential radon exposure assessment.Item Recommendation on an updated standardization of serum magnesium reference ranges(Springer, 2022-06-10) Rosanoff, Andrea; Wes, Christina; Elin, Ronald J.; Micke, Oliver; Baniasadi, Shadi; Barbagallo, Mario; Campbell, Emily; Cheng, Fu-Chou; Costello, Rebecca B.; Gamboa-Gomez, Claudia; Guerrero-Romero, Fernando; Gletsu-Miller, Nana; von Ehrlich, Bodo; Iotti, Stefano; Kahe, Ka; Kim, Dae Jung; Kisters, Klaus; Kolisek, Martin; Kraus, Anton; Maier, Jeanette A.; Maj-Zurawska, Magdalena; Merolle, Lucia; Nechifor, Mihai; Pourdowlat, Guitti; Shechter, Michael; Song, Yiqing; Teoh, Yee Ping; Touyz, Rhian M.; Wallace, Taylor C.; Yokota, Kuninobu; Wolf, Federica; the MaGNet Global Magnesium Project (MaGNet); Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public HealthPurpose Serum magnesium is the most frequently used laboratory test for evaluating clinical magnesium status. Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium status), which is associated with many chronic diseases, is diagnosed using the serum magnesium reference range. Currently, no international consensus for a magnesemia normal range exists. Two independent groups designated 0.85 mmol/L (2.07 mg/dL; 1.7 mEq/L) as the low cut-off point defining hypomagnesemia. MaGNet discussions revealed differences in serum magnesium reference ranges used by members’ hospitals and laboratories, presenting an urgent need for standardization. Methods We gathered and compared serum magnesium reference range values from our institutions, hospitals, and colleagues worldwide. Results Serum magnesium levels designating “hypomagnesemia” differ widely. Of 43 collected values, only 2 met 0.85 mmol/L as the low cut-off point to define hypomagnesemia. The remainder had lower cut-off values, which may underestimate hypomagnesemia diagnosis in hospital, clinical, and research assessments. Current serum magnesium reference ranges stem from “normal” populations, which unknowingly include persons with chronic latent magnesium deficit (CLMD). Serum magnesium levels of patients with CLMD fall within widely used “normal” ranges, but their magnesium status is too low for long-term health. The lower serum magnesium reference (0.85 mmol/L) proposed specifically prevents the inclusion of patients with CLMD. Conclusions Widely varying serum magnesium reference ranges render our use of this important medical tool imprecise, minimizing impacts of low magnesium status or hypomagnesemia as a marker of disease risk. To appropriately diagnose, increase awareness of, and manage magnesium status, it is critical to standardize lower reference values for serum magnesium at 0.85 mmol/L (2.07 mg/dL; 1.7 mEq/L).Item The magnesium global network (MaGNet) to promote research on magnesium in diseases focusing on covid-19(JLE, 2021) Wolf, Federica I.; Maier, Jeanette A.; Rosanoff, Andrea; Barbagallo, Mario; Baniasadi, Shadi; Castiglioni, Sara; Cheng, Fu-Chou; Colaneri Day, Sherrie; Costello, Rebecca B.; Dominguez, Ligia J.; Elin, Ronald J.; Gamboa-Gomez, Claudia; Guerrero-Romero, Fernando; Kahe, Ka; Kisters, Klaus; Kolisek, Martin; Kraus, Anton; Iotti, Stefano; Mazur, Andre; Mercado-Atri, Moises; Merolle, Lucia; Micke, Oliver; Gletsu-Miller, Nana; Nielsen, Forrest; O-Uchi, Jin; Piazza, Ornella; Plesset, Michael; Pourdowlat, Guitti; Rios, Francisco J.; Rodriguez-Moran, Martha; Scarpati, Giuliana; Shechter, Michael; Song, Yiqing; Spence, Lisa A.; Touyz, Rhian M.; Trapani, Valentina; Veronese, Nicola; von Ehrlich, Bodo; Vormann, Juergen; Wallace, Taylor C.; CMER Center for Magnesium Education, Research; Gesellschaft für Magnesium-Forschung e.V. Germany; SDRM Society (International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium); Epidemiology, School of Public Health