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Browsing by Author "Jairath, Vipul"
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Item Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Vedolizumab to Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonist Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis(Elsevier, 2022) Lukin, Dana; Faleck, David; Xu, Ronghui; Zhang, Yiran; Weiss, Aaron; Aniwan, Satimai; Kadire, Siri; Tran, Gloria; Rahal, Mahmoud; Winters, Adam; Chablaney, Shreya; Koliani-Pace, Jenna L.; Meserve, Joseph; Campbell, James P.; Kochhar, Gursimran; Bohm, Matthew; Varma, Sashidhar; Fischer, Monika; Boland, Brigid; Singh, Siddharth; Hirten, Robert; Ungaro, Ryan; Lasch, Karen; Shmidt, Eugenia; Jairath, Vipul; Hudesman, David; Chang, Shannon; Swaminath, Arun; Shen, Bo; Kane, Sunanda; Loftus, Edward V., Jr.; Sands, Bruce E.; Colombel, Jean-Frederic; Siegel, Corey A.; Sandborn, William J.; Dulai, Parambir S.; Medicine, School of MedicineBackground & aims: We aimed to compare safety and effectiveness of vedolizumab to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-antagonist therapy in ulcerative colitis in routine practice. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study (May 2014 to December 2017) of ulcerative colitis patients treated with vedolizumab or TNF-antagonist therapy. Propensity score weighted comparisons for development of serious adverse events and achievement of clinical remission, steroid-free clinical remission, and steroid-free deep remission. A priori determined subgroup comparisons in TNF-antagonist-naïve and -exposed patients, and for vedolizumab against infliximab and subcutaneous TNF-antagonists separately. Results: A total of 722 (454 vedolizumab, 268 TNF antagonist) patients were included. Vedolizumab-treated patients were more likely to achieve clinical remission (hazard ratio [HR], 1.651; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.229-2.217), steroid-free clinical remission (HR, 1.828; 95% CI, 1.135-2.944), and steroid-free deep remission (HR, 2.819; 95% CI, 1.496-5.310) than those treated with TNF antagonists. Results were consistent across subgroup analyses in TNF-antagonist-naïve and -exposed patients, and for vedolizumab vs infliximab and vs subcutaneous TNF-antagonist agents separately. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in the risk of serious adverse events (HR, 0.899; 95% CI, 0.502-1.612) or serious infections (HR, 1.235; 95% CI, 0.608-2.511) between vedolizumab-treated and TNF-antagonist-treated patients. However, in TNF-antagonist-naïve patients, vedolizumab was less likely to be associated with serious adverse events than TNF antagonists (HR, 0.192; 95% CI, 0.049-0.754). Conclusions: Treatment of ulcerative colitis with vedolizumab is associated with higher rates of remission than treatment with TNF-antagonist therapy in routine practice, and lower rates of serious adverse events in TNF-antagonist-naïve patients.Item Development of a Core Outcome Set for Therapeutic Studies in Eosinophilic Esophagitis (COREOS)(Elsevier, 2021) Ma, Christopher; Schoepfer, Alain M.; Dellon, Evan S.; Bredenoord, Albert J.; Chehade, Mirna; Collins, Margaret H.; Feagan, Brian G.; Furuta, Glenn T.; Gupta, Sandeep K.; Hirano, Ikuo; Jairath, Vipul; Katzka, David A.; Pai, Rish K.; Rothenberg, Marc E.; Straumann, Alex; Aceves, Seema S.; Alexander, Jeffrey A.; Arva, Nicoleta C.; Atkins, Dan; Biedermann, Luc; Blanchard, Carine; Cianferoni, Antonella; Ciriza de los Rios, Constanza; Clayton, Frederic; Davis, Carla M.; de Bortoli, Nicola; Dias, Jorge A.; Falk, Gary W.; Genta, Robert M.; Ghaffari, Gisoo; Gonsalves, Nirmala; Greuter, Thomas; Hopp, Russell; Hsu Blatman, Karen S.; Jensen, Elizabeth T.; Johnston, Doug; Kagalwalla, Amir F.; Larsson, Helen M.; Leung, John; Louis, Hubert; Masterson, Joanne C.; Menard-Katcher, Calies; Menard-Katcher, Paul A.; Moawad, Fouad J.; Muir, Amanda B.; Mukkada, Vincent A.; Penagini, Roberto; Pesek, Robert D.; Peterson, Kathryn; Putnam, Philip E.; Ravelli, Alberto; Savarino, Edoardo V.; Schlag, Christoph; Schreiner, Philipp; Simon, Dagmar; Smyrk, Thomas C.; Spergel, Jonathan M.; Taft, Tiffany H.; Terreehorst, Ingrid; Vanuytsel, Tim; Venter, Carina; Vieira, Mario C.; Vieth, Michael; Vlieg-Boerstra, Berber; von Arnim, Ulrike; Walker, Marjorie M.; Wechsler, Joshua B.; Woodland, Philip; Woosley, John T.; Yang, Guang-Yu; Zevit, Noam; Safroneeva, Ekaterina; Medicine, School of MedicineBackground End points used to determine treatment efficacy in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) have evolved over time. With multiple novel therapies in development for EoE, harmonization of outcomes measures will facilitate evidence synthesis and appraisal when comparing different treatments. Objective We sought to develop a core outcome set (COS) for controlled and observational studies of pharmacologic and diet interventions in adult and pediatric patients with EoE. Methods Candidate outcomes were generated from systematic literature reviews and patient engagement interviews and surveys. Consensus was established using an iterative Delphi process, with items voted on using a 9-point Likert scale and with feedback from other participants to allow score refinement. Consensus meetings were held to ratify the outcome domains of importance and the core outcome measures. Stakeholders were recruited internationally and included adult and pediatric gastroenterologists, allergists, dieticians, pathologists, psychologists, researchers, and methodologists. Results The COS consists of 4 outcome domains for controlled and observational studies: histopathology, endoscopy, patient-reported symptoms, and EoE-specific quality of life. A total of 69 stakeholders (response rate 95.8%) prioritized 42 outcomes in a 2-round Delphi process, and the final ratification meeting generated consensus on 33 outcome measures. These included measurement of the peak eosinophil count, Eosinophilic Esophagitis Histology Scoring System, Eosinophilic Esophagitis Endoscopic Reference Score, and patient-reported measures of dysphagia and quality of life. Conclusions This interdisciplinary collaboration involving global stakeholders has produced a COS that can be applied to adult and pediatric studies of pharmacologic and diet therapies for EoE and will facilitate meaningful treatment comparisons and improve the quality of data synthesis.Item Efficacy and Safety of Mirikizumab in a Randomized Phase 2 Study of Patients With Crohn’s Disease(Elsevier, 2022-02) Sands, Bruce E.; Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent; Kierkus, Jaroslaw; Higgins, Peter D.R.; Fischer, Monika; Jairath, Vipul; Hirai, Fumihito; D’Haens, Geert; Belin, Ruth M.; Miller, Debra; Gomez-Valderas, Elisa; Naegeli, April N.; Tuttle, Jay L.; Pollack, Paul F.; Sandborn, William J.; Medicine, School of MedicineBackground Mirikizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 23p19 with demonstrated efficacy in psoriasis and ulcerative colitis. We investigated the safety and efficacy of mirikizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods Patients (N = 191) were randomized (2:1:1:2) to receive placebo (PBO), 200, 600, or 1000 mg mirikizumab, administered intravenously (IV) every 4 weeks. Patients who received mirikizumab and achieved ≥1 point improvement in Simple Endoscopic Score-CD at Week 12 (rerandomized maintenance cohort) were rerandomized to continue their induction IV treatment (combined IV groups [IV-C]) or receive 300 mg mirikizumab subcutaneously (SC) every 4 weeks. Nonrandomized maintenance cohort included endoscopic nonimprovers (1000 mg) and PBO patients (PBO/1000 mg) who received 1000 mg mirikizumab IV from Week 12. The primary objective was to evaluate superiority of mirikizumab to PBO in inducing endoscopic response (50% reduction from baseline in Simple Endoscopic Score-CD) at Week 12. Results At Week 12, endoscopic response was significantly higher by the predefined 2-sided significance level of 0.1 for all mirikizumab groups compared with PBO (200 mg: 25.8%, 8/31, 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.4–41.2, P = .079; 600 mg: 37.5%, 12/32, 95% CI, 20.7–54.3, P = .003; 1000 mg: 43.8%, 28/64, 95% CI, 31.6–55.9, P < .001; PBO: 10.9 %, 7/64, 95% CI, 3.3–18.6). Endoscopic response at Week 52 was 58.5% (24/41) and 58.7% (27/46) in the IV-C and SC groups, respectively. Frequencies of adverse events (AE) in the mirikizumab groups were similar to PBO. Through Week 52, frequencies of treatment-emergent AEs were similar across all groups. Frequencies of serious AE and discontinuations due to AE were higher in the nonrandomized maintenance cohort. Conclusion Mirikizumab effectively induced endoscopic response after 12 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe CD and demonstrated durable efficacy to Week 52. A detailed summary can be found in the Video Abstract. ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT02891226Item Reliability and Responsiveness of Endoscopic Disease Activity Assessment in Eosinophilic Esophagitis(Elsevier, 2022) Ma, Christopher; Bredenoord, Albert J.; Dellon, Evan S.; Alexander, Jeffrey A.; Biedermann, Luc; Hogan, Malcolm; Guizzetti, Leonardo; Zou, Guangyong; Katzka, David A.; Chehade, Mirna; Falk, Gary W.; Furuta, Glenn T.; Gupta, Sandeep K.; Kagalwalla, Amir F.; Schoepfer, Alain M.; Miehlke, Stephan; Moawad, Fouad J.; Peterson, Kathryn; Gonsalves, Nirmala P.; Straumann, Alex; Wechsler, Joshua B.; Rémillard, Julie; Shackelton, Lisa M.; Almonte, Hector S.; Feagan, Brian G.; Jairath, Vipul; Hirano, Ikuo; Pediatrics, School of MedicineBackground and Aims Endoscopic outcomes have become important measures of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) disease activity, including as an endpoint in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We evaluated the operating properties of endoscopic measures for use in EoE RCTs. Methods Modified Research and Development/University of California Los Angeles (RAND/UCLA) appropriateness methods and a panel of 15 international EoE experts identified endoscopic items/definitions with face validity, which were used in a 2-round voting process to define simplified (all items graded absent/present) and expanded versions (additional grades for edema, furrows, and/or exudates) of the EoE Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS). Inter- and intra-rater reliability of these instruments (expressed as intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC]), were evaluated using paired endoscopy video assessments of two blinded central readers before and after 8 weeks of proton pump inhibitors, swallowed topical corticosteroids, or dietary elimination. Responsiveness was measured using the standardized effect size (SES). Results The appropriateness of 41 statements relevant to EoE endoscopic activity (endoscopic items, item definitions/grading, and other considerations relevant for endoscopy) was considered. The original and expanded EREFS demonstrated moderate-to-substantial inter-rater reliability (ICCs 0.472-0.736, and 0.469-0.763, respectively) and moderate-to-almost perfect intra-rater reliability (ICCs 0.580-0.828, and 0.581-0.828, respectively). Strictures were least reliably assessed (ICCs 0.072-0.385). The original EREFS was highly responsive (SES 1.126 [95% CI 0.757, 1.534]), although both expanded versions of EREFS, scored based on worst affected area, were numerically most responsive to treatment (expanded furrows, SES 1.229 [95% CI: 0.858, 1.643]; all items expanded, SES 1.252 [95% CI: 0.880, 1.667]). The EREFS and its modifications were not more reliably scored by segment, and also not more responsive when proximal and distal EREFS scores were summed. Conclusions EREFS and its modifications were reliable and responsive, and the original or expanded versions of the EREFS may be preferred in RCTs. Disease activity scored based on the worst affected area optimizes reliability and responsiveness.