Browsing by Author "Jacobs, David R."

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    Associations between depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, and cardiovascular health: Longitudinal results from CARDIA
    (Elsevier, 2020-01) Carroll, Allison J.; Huffman, Mark D.; Zhao, Lihui; Jacobs, David R.; Stewart, Jesse C.; Kiefe, Catarina I.; Brunner, Wendy; Liu, Kiang; Hitsman, Brian; Psychology, School of Science
    Introduction Depression is associated with increased risk of incident and recurrent cardiovascular disease, while the association between depression and cardiovascular health (CVH) remains unknown. Because the natural course of depression varies widely, different patterns of depression, as well as co-occurring factors such as cigarette smoking, may influence this relationship. We examined potential interactions between longitudinal patterns of depression and smoking with CVH. Methods Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, we modeled trajectories of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale scores; Years 5, 10, 15, 20) and smoking (cigarettes/day; Years 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20). We calculated a modified American Heart Association (AHA) CVH Score (weight, blood glucose, cholesterol, blood pressure, physical activity, and diet; Year 20); higher scores indicate better CVH. Generalized linear models evaluated associations between depression trajectories, smoking trajectories, and their interaction with CVH Score. Results The depression trajectory x smoking trajectory interaction was not associated with CVH Score, but main effects of depression trajectory (p < .001) and smoking trajectory (p < .001) were observed. Participants with patterns of subthreshold depression (β = −0.26, SE=0.08), increasing depression (β = −0.51 SE = 0.14), and high depression (β = −0.65, SE = 0.32) had lower CVH Scores than those without depression. Compared to never smokers, participants who quit smoking had higher CVH Scores (β = 0.38, SE = 0.11), while participants with the greatest smoking exposure had lower CVH Scores (β = −0.49, SE = 0.22). Limitations CVH Scores were adapted from the AHA guidelines based on the available CARDIA data. Conclusions Deleterious depression and smoking trajectories are independently but not synergistically associated with worse CVH.
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    Magnesium intake was inversely associated with hostility among American young adults
    (Elsevier, 2021) Lyu, Chen; Tsinovoi, Cari L.; Xun, Pengcheng; Song, Yiqing; Pu, Yongjia; Rosanoff, Andrea; Iribarren, Carlos; Schreiner, Pamela J.; Shikany, James M.; Jacobs, David R.; Kahe, Ka; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Hostility is a complex personality trait associated with many cardiovascular risk factor phenotypes. Although magnesium intake has been related to mood and cardio-metabolic disease, its relation with hostility remains unclear. We hypothesize that high total magnesium intake is associated with lower levels of hostility because of its putative antidepressant mechanisms. To test the hypothesis, we prospectively analyzed data in 4,716 young adults aged 18-30 years at baseline (1985-1986) from four U.S. cities over five years of follow-up using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Magnesium intake was estimated from a dietary history questionnaire plus supplements at baseline. Levels of hostility were assessed using the Cook-Medley scale at baseline and year 5 (1990-1991). Generalized estimating equations were applied to estimate the association of magnesium intake with hostility as repeated measures at the two time-points (baseline and year 5). General linear model was used to determine the association between magnesium intake and change in hostility over 5 years. After adjustment for socio-demographic and major lifestyle factors, a significant inverse association was observed between magnesium intake and hostility level over 5 years of follow-up. Beta coefficients (95% CI) across higher quintiles of magnesium intake were 0 (reference), -1.28 (-1.92, -0.65), -1.45 (-2.09, -0.81), -1.41 (-2.08, -0.75) and -2.16 (-2.85, -1.47), respectively (Plinear-trend<.01). The inverse association was independent of socio-demographic and major lifestyle factors, supplement use, and depression status at year 5. This prospective study provides evidence that in young adults, high magnesium intake was inversely associated with hostility level independent of socio-demographic and major lifestyle factors.