Browsing by Author "Hwang, Irving"

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    Neurocognition after motor vehicle collision and adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae within 8 weeks: Initial findings from the AURORA study
    (Elsevier, 2022) Germine, Laura T.; Joormann, Jutta; Passell, Eliza; Rutter, Lauren A.; Scheuer, Luke; Martini, Paolo; Hwang, Irving; Lee, Sue; Sampson, Nancy; Barch, Deanna M.; House, Stacey L.; Beaudoin, Francesca L.; An, Xinming; Stevens, Jennifer S.; Zeng, Donglin; Linnstaedt, Sarah D.; Jovanovic, Tanja; Clifford, Gari D.; Neylan, Thomas C.; Rauch, Scott L.; Lewandowski, Christopher; Hendry, Phyllis L.; Sheikh, Sophia; Storrow, Alan B.; Musey, Paul I.; Jones, Christopher W.; Punches, Brittney E.; McGrath, Meghan E.; Pascual, Jose L.; Mohiuddin, Kamran; Pearson, Claire; Peak, David A.; Domeier, Robert M.; Bruce, Steven E.; Rathlev, Niels K.; Sanchez, Leon D.; Pietrzak, Robert H.; Pizzagalli, Diego A.; Harte, Steven E.; Elliott, James M.; Koenen, Karesten C.; Ressler, Kerry J.; McLean, Samuel A.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Previous work has indicated that differences in neurocognitive functioning may predict the development of adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS). Such differences may be vulnerability factors or simply correlates of APNS-related symptoms. Longitudinal studies that measure neurocognitive functioning at the time of trauma are needed to determine whether such differences precede the development of APNS. Methods: Here, we present findings from a subsample of 666 ambulatory patients from the AURORA (Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR trumA) study. All patients presented to EDs after a motor vehicle collision (MVC). We examined associations of neurocognitive test performance shortly after MVC with peritraumatic symptoms in the ED and APNS (depression, post-traumatic stress, post-concussive symptoms, and pain) 2 weeks and 8 weeks later. Neurocognitive tests assessed processing speed, attention, verbal reasoning, memory, and social perception. Results: Distress in the ED was associated with poorer processing speed and short-term memory. Poorer short-term memory was also associated with depression at 2 weeks post-MVC, even after controlling for peritraumatic distress. Finally, higher vocabulary scores were associated with pain 2 weeks post-MVC. Limitations: Self-selection biases among those who present to the ED and enroll in the study limit generalizability. Also, it is not clear whether observed neurocognitive differences predate MVC exposure or arise in the immediate aftermath of MVC exposure. Conclusions: Our results suggest that processing speed and short-term memory may be useful predictors of trauma-related characteristics and the development of some APNS, making such measures clinically-relevant for identifying at-risk individuals.
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    Socio-demographic and trauma-related predictors of depression within eight weeks of motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study
    (Cambridge University Press, 2022) Joormann, Jutta; McLean, Samuel A.; Beaudoin, Francesca L.; An, Xinming; Stevens, Jennifer S.; Zeng, Donglin; Neylan, Thomas C.; Clifford, Gari; Linnstaedt, Sarah D.; Germine, Laura T.; Rauch, Scott L.; Musey, Paul I.; Hendry, Phyllis L.; Sheikh, Sophia; Jones, Christopher W.; Punches, Brittany E.; Fermann, Gregory; Hudak, Lauren A.; Mohiuddin, Kamran; Murty, Vishnu; McGrath, Meghan E.; Haran, John P.; Pascual, Jose; Seamon, Mark; Peak, David A.; Pearson, Claire; Domeier, Robert M.; Sergot, Paulina; Merchant, Roland; Sanchez, Leon D.; Rathlev, Niels K.; Peacock, William F.; Bruce, Steven E.; Barch, Deanna; Pizzagalli, Diego A.; Luna, Beatriz; Harte, Steven E.; Hwang, Irving; Lee, Sue; Sampson, Nancy; Koenen, Karestan C.; Ressler, Kerry J.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: This is the first report on the association between trauma exposure and depression from the Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR traumA(AURORA) multisite longitudinal study of adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) among participants seeking emergency department (ED) treatment in the aftermath of a traumatic life experience. Methods: We focus on participants presenting at EDs after a motor vehicle collision (MVC), which characterizes most AURORA participants, and examine associations of participant socio-demographics and MVC characteristics with 8-week depression as mediated through peritraumatic symptoms and 2-week depression. Results: Eight-week depression prevalence was relatively high (27.8%) and associated with several MVC characteristics (being passenger v. driver; injuries to other people). Peritraumatic distress was associated with 2-week but not 8-week depression. Most of these associations held when controlling for peritraumatic symptoms and, to a lesser degree, depressive symptoms at 2-weeks post-trauma. Conclusions: These observations, coupled with substantial variation in the relative strength of the mediating pathways across predictors, raises the possibility of diverse and potentially complex underlying biological and psychological processes that remain to be elucidated in more in-depth analyses of the rich and evolving AURORA database to find new targets for intervention and new tools for risk-based stratification following trauma exposure.
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    Socio-demographic and trauma-related predictors of PTSD within 8 weeks of a motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study
    (Springer Nature, 2021-07) Kessler, Ronald C.; Ressler, Kerry J.; House, Stacey L.; Beaudoin, Francesca L.; An, Xinming; Stevens, Jennifer S.; Zeng, Donglin; Neylan, Thomas C.; Linnstaedt, Sarah D.; Germine, Laura T.; Musey, Paul I., Jr.; Hendry, Phyllis L.; Sheikh, Sophia; Storrow, Alan B.; Jones, Christopher W.; Punches, Brittany E.; Datner, Elizabeth M.; Mohiuddin, Kamran; Gentile, Nina T.; McGrath, Meghan E.; van Rooij, Sanne J.; Hudak, Lauren A.; Haran, John P.; Peak, David A.; Domeier, Robert M.; Pearson, Claire; Sanchez, Leon D.; Rathlev, Niels K.; Peacock, William F.; Bruce, Steven E.; Miller, Mark W.; Joormann, Jutta; Barch, Deanna M.; Pizzagalli, Diego A.; Sheridan, John F.; Smoller, Jordan W.; Pace, Thaddeus W.W.; Harte, Steven E.; Elliott, James M.; Harnett, Nathaniel G.; Lebois, Lauren A.M.; Hwang, Irving; Sampson, Nancy A.; Koenen, Karestan C.; McLean, Samuel A.; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    This is the initial report of results from the AURORA multisite longitudinal study of adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) among participants seeking emergency department (ED) treatment in the aftermath of a traumatic life experience. We focus on n = 666 participants presenting to EDs following a motor vehicle collision (MVC) and examine associations of participant socio-demographic and participant-reported MVC characteristics with 8-week posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) adjusting for pre-MVC PTSD and mediated by peritraumatic symptoms and 2-week acute stress disorder (ASD). Peritraumatic Symptoms, ASD, and PTSD were assessed with self-report scales. Eight-week PTSD prevalence was relatively high (42.0%) and positively associated with participant sex (female), low socioeconomic status (education and income), and several self-report indicators of MVC severity. Most of these associations were entirely mediated by peritraumatic symptoms and, to a lesser degree, ASD, suggesting that the first 2 weeks after trauma may be a uniquely important time period for intervening to prevent and reduce risk of PTSD. This observation, coupled with substantial variation in the relative strength of mediating pathways across predictors, raises the possibility of diverse and potentially complex underlying biological and psychological processes that remain to be elucidated with more in-depth analyses of the rich and evolving AURORA data.