Browsing by Author "Huang, Edgar"
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Item How wired are U.S. hospitals? A study of patient-oriented interactive tools(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Huang, Edgar; Knittle, Clark; Wantuch, Gordon; Francis, Teresa; Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and ComputingThis study examined U.S. hospital websites to find out how they have used interactive tools to engage and serve their patients. The findings and recommendations from this study will provide guidance to the development of the U.S. hospitals and even beyond for at least the next decade. A content analysis was conducted to compare The Most Wired Hospitals with the total U.S. hospital population and compare the 2018 data and the 2011 data so as to observe the horizontal and vertical differences. The study has found that, in 2018, U.S. hospitals have adopted significantly more interactive tools and reached an average of 8.5 tools; core e-business tools have gained the biggest increase; most of such tools almost reached ubiquity among the Most Wired Hospitals. The study concludes that using interactive tools to serve patients on U.S. hospital websites and on social media is becoming a norm, that the majority of U.S. hospitals were adequately equipped to interact with their patients through their websites, and that whether to make a hospital website action-driven is more determined by the hospital administration’s awareness, determination, and strategic planning than by hospital size.Item Human emotions toward stimuli in the uncanny valley: laddering and index construction(2015) Ho, Chin-Chang; MacDorman, Karl F.; Pfaff, Mark S.; Fedorikhin, Alexander; Huang, EdgarHuman-looking computer interfaces, including humanoid robots and animated humans, may elicit in their users eerie feelings. This effect, often called the uncanny valley, emphasizes our heightened ability to distinguish between the human and merely humanlike using both perceptual and cognitive approaches. Although reactions to uncanny characters are captured more accurately with emotional descriptors (e.g., eerie and creepy) than with cognitive descriptors (e.g., strange), and although previous studies suggest the psychological processes underlying the uncanny valley are more perceptual and emotional than cognitive, the deep roots of the concept of humanness imply the application of category boundaries and cognitive dissonance in distinguishing among robots, androids, and humans. First, laddering interviews (N = 30) revealed firm boundaries among participants’ concepts of animated, robotic, and human. Participants associated human traits like soul, imperfect, or intended exclusively with humans, and they simultaneously devalued the autonomous accomplishments of robots (e.g., simple task, limited ability, or controlled). Jerky movement and humanlike appearance were associated with robots, even though the presented robotic stimuli were humanlike. The facial expressions perceived in robots as improper were perceived in animated characters as mismatched. Second, association model testing indicated that the independent evaluation based on the developed indices is a viable quantitative technique for the laddering interview. Third, from the interviews several candidate items for the eeriness index were validated in a large representative survey (N = 1,311). The improved eeriness index is nearly orthogonal to perceived humanness (r = .04). The improved indices facilitate plotting relations among rated characters of varying human likeness, enhancing perspectives on humanlike robot design and animation creation.Item The Impact of Participation and Attendance on Undergraduate Student Performance in Face-to-Face and Online Courses(2015-11-21) Zhu, Liugen; Defazio, Joseph; Huang, Edgar; Hook, Sara AnneThis presentation reports the results of a comprehensive study of policies on attendance and participation in face-to-face and online courses, with policies that range from strict to flexible, and correlate these policies with final course grades. The intent was to demonstrate the impact that these policies have on student motivation and student success. Participants will self-identify which category their attendance/participation policies falls into and reflect on how revising these policies can influence their own courses.Item Impact of the Stringency of Attendance Policies on Class Attendance/Participation and Course Grades(Indiana University Office of Scholarly Publishing, 2019-01-05) Zhu, Liugen; Huang, Edgar; Defazio, Joseph; Hook, Sara Anne; Department of Human Centered-Computing, School of Informatics and ComputingThe purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the impact of three diverse attendance and participation policies in face-to-face and online courses and the effect on students’ final grades in each course. We examined nine different undergraduate courses taught between Fall 2010 and Spring 2015. The results suggest that a more stringent attendance policy significantly impacts student attendance, absences were negatively correlated with course grades, and that course delivery methods were not predictive of either attendance/participation or course grades. Additional research is needed to determine what other factors might influence attendance and participation and correlation to course grades.Item Impact of the Stringency of Attendance Policies on Class Attendance/Participation and Course Grades(Indiana University, 2019) Zhu, Liugen; Huang, Edgar; Defazio, Joseph; Hook, Sara Anne; Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and ComputingThe purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the impact of three diverse attendance and participation policies in face-to-face and online courses and the effect on students’ final grades in each course. We examined nine different undergraduate courses taught between Fall 2010 and Spring 2015. The results suggest that a more stringent attendance policy significantly impacts student attendance, absences were negatively correlated with course grades, and that course delivery methods were not predictive of either attendance/participation or course grades. Additional research is needed to determine what other factors might influence attendance and participation and correlation to course grades.Item Serving the Indy Community in Multimedia(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2010-04-09) Huang, EdgarOver the years, School of Informatics faculty and students have served the community partners by creating 2D and 3D animations, shooting promotional videos, public service announcement videos, and documentary videos, design Web sites, producing games and graphic designs. This exhibit includes some examples of such works.Item Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review(IOS, 2017) Li, Wei; Huang, Edgar; Gao, Sujuan; Physician Assistant Studies Program, School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a major subtype of diabetes and is usually diagnosed at a young age with insulin deficiency. The life expectancy of T1DM patients has increased substantially in comparison with that three decades ago due to the availability of exogenous insulin, though it is still shorter than that of healthy people. However, the relation remains unclear between T1DM and dementia as an aging-related disease. We conducted a systematic review of existing literature on T1DM and cognition impairments by carrying out searches in electronic databases Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. We restricted our review to studies involving only human subjects and excluded studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus or non-classified diabetes. A meta-analysis was first performed on the relationship between T1DM and cognitive changes in youths and adults respectively. Then the review focused on the cognitive complications of T1DM and their relation with the characteristics of T1DM, glycemic control, diabetic complications, comorbidities, and others. First, age at onset, disease duration, and glycemic dysregulation were delineated for their association with cognitive changes. Then diabetic ketoacidosis, angiopathy, and neuropathy were examined as diabetic complications for their involvement in cognitive impairments. Lastly, body mass index and blood pressure were discussed for their relations with the cognitive changes. Future studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of T1DM-related cognitive impairments or dementia.Item Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with brain atrophy and hypometabolism in the ADNI cohort(AAN, 2016-08-09) Li, Wei; Risacher, Shannon L.; Huang, Edgar; Saykin, Andrew J.; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineObjective: We investigated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a risk factor for brain atrophy and glucose hypometabolism in older adults with or at risk of cognitive impairment. Methods: Participants with the T2DM were identified from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI-1/GO/2 cohorts). Analysis of covariance models were used to compare participants with and without T2DM, controlling for potential confounding factors. Results: Whole brain volume and whole brain [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake were significantly different as a function of T2DM status, independent of baseline clinical diagnosis. On post hoc analysis, a lower whole brain volume was seen in participants with both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and T2DM (n = 76) compared with participants who had MCI but not T2DM (n = 747; p = 0.009). Similarly, mean FDG uptake in gray matter and white matter was lower in participants with both MCI and T2DM (n = 72) than in participants with MCI without T2DM (n = 719; p = 0.04). Subsequent regional analysis revealed that the decreased FDG uptake in participants with both MCI and T2DM was mainly manifested in 3 brain regions: frontal lobe, sensory motor cortex, and striatum. Conclusions: T2DM may accelerate cognition deterioration in patients with MCI by affecting glucose metabolism and brain volume.Item An Update on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Dementia(IOS, 2016) Li, Wei; Huang, Edgar; Department of Health Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesWith the rapidly expanding evidence on brain structural and functional changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, there is an increasing need to update our understanding on how T2DM associates with dementia as well as the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. A literature search of T2DM and dementia or cognition impairments was carried out in electronic databases Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. In this review, the chosen evidence was limited to human subject studies only, and data on either type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or non-classified diabetes were excluded. T2DM is a risk factor for both vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although AD pathological marker studies have not provided sufficient evidence. T2DM interacts additively or synergistically with many factors, including old age, hypertension, total cholesterol, and APOE ɛ4 carrier status for impaired cognition functions seen in patients with T2DM. In addition, comorbid T2DM can worsen the clinical presentations of patients with either AD or VaD. In summary, T2DM increases the risk for AD through different mechanisms for VaD although some mechanisms may overlap. Tau-related neurofibrillary tangles instead of amyloid-β plaques are more likely to be the pathological biomarkers for T2DM-related dementia. Degeneration of neurons in the brain, impaired regional blood supply/metabolism, and genetic predisposition are all involved in T2DM-associated dementia or cognitive impairments.